Time-periodic solutions of completely resonant Hamiltonian PDEs related to negative cosmological constant spacetimes

INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE MOTOR OUTPUT

The present study focuses on the integrative properties of Central Nervous System (CNS), which coordinates the activity of multiple neural circuits in order to express the rhythmic motor output. The contribution of supraspinal structure to the integration of inputs arising from respiratory and locomotor neural networks, especially at birth, is still underestimated. To study the neurogenic drive responsible for tailoring rhythmic motor responses, we introduced the ex vivo central nervous syste...

Reflections on Distributions: Human, Machines, Languages

Humans create and continuously improve machines, while machines also influence human life. Language, one of the key differences between humans and animals, is also one of the main ways humans and machines communicate with each other. Many behaviors of machines are quite different from those of humans, and I aim to analyze them from the perspective of "distribution". Survey data is a central focus of my research. I tried to identify potentially more efficient combinations of variables for s...

Integration of Computational Techniques for System Modeling and Data Assimilation in Industrial and Life Science Problems

This thesis presents a series of innovative studies demonstrating the development and application of advanced computational and machine learning methodologies to address real-world, three-dimensional problems with significant practical relevance. Unlike conventional research, which often relies on idealized or simplified scenarios, this work directly tackles complex, practical challenges found in everyday engineering and biomedical contexts. The first part of the thesis focuses on the dev...

High-pressure hydrogen phase diagram from quantum Monte Carlo and machine learning

High-pressure hydrogen is of paramount importance in several fields, including planetary science, condensed matter physics, and energy production applications. Despite its significance, many properties of this system are still not fully understood, due to the difficulty of realizing the required extreme conditions in the laboratory and probing the compressed samples. Numerical results are thus extremely valuable. Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) algorithms have been proven to be among the most e...

Renormalization and running couplings in higher derivative theories

The renormalization group has a crucial role in modern physics, however some of its features have not been completely understood yet. While its perturbative realization in 2-derivative theories in d = 4 spacetime has been widely studied, other classes of theories can still hide some subtleties. Higher derivative theories, and in particular quadratic gravity, could furnish a UV completion to general relativity within the framework of quantum field theory. For this reason, a detailed study o...

Modified Gravity in Clusters of Galaxies

For the last century, General Relativity (GR) has been successful in explaining several phenomena which were not explained before, for instance, the perihelion precession of Mercury, the bending of light due to the gravitational field, and the prediction of Gravitational Waves (GWs). Nevertheless, GR fails to explain some of the most important phenomena in the universe, namely the Dark Energy (DE) component, and inflation. Therefore, an extension to its original framework should be adop...

Massive black holes from single and binary stars

The first direct detection of gravitational waves in 2015 ushered in a new era for studying compact objects. Upcoming detectors like the Einstein Telescope are expected to contribute thousands of binary coalescence events to the existing data pool. However, uncertainties in the nature of stellar remnants from core-collapse supernovae and binary stellar evolution hinder our theoretical understanding of compact objects binaries. In the first part of my work, we examined the properties of stell...

Advances in lattice thermal transport in crystals and glasses

Thermal conductivity is a fundamental property for describing the non-equilibrium phenomenon of thermal transport. In solid insulators, whether disordered or crystalline, heat is primarily carried by lattice vibrations, emphasizing the need to accurately understand and compute the lattice thermal conductivity. This computation remains a central challenge in condensed matter physics, and lattice dynamical approaches have long been favored for this purpose. Despite being limited to (quasi-) har...