Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanical Methods for Dynamical Systems and Stochastic Processes with Phase Transitions

This work deals with some key questions in non-equilibrium statistical physics, with a particular focus on transport phenomena in confined systems and the onset, therein, of phase transitions. Within this context, the thesis explores particle transport in specific systems based on mathematical billiards. The basic model features two identical regions of two-dimensional space urns connected by a channel, serving as table of a mathematical billiard. The billiard is populated by an ensemble of N...

Astrofisica Multimessenger all'Osservatorio Pierre Auger

Cosmogenic neutrinos are expected to originate in the extragalactic propagation of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), as a result of their interactions with background photons. Due to these reactions, the visible Universe in UHECRs is more limited than in neutrinos, which instead could reach us without interacting after traveling cosmological distances. In this thesis, we exploit a multimessenger approach by computing the expected energy spectrum and mass composition of UHECRs at Earth c...

On Structured Perturbations of Positive Semigroups

In this thesis we study perturbation results for the generator A of a positive C_0--semigroup on a Banach lattice X. We generalize results that hold for an AM- or AL-space X and extend them to an arbitrary Banach lattice X in case the perturbation can be factorized as P=BC via an AM- or AL-space U. This allows to deal with applications on (infinite dimensional) reflexive Banach spaces, which are a priori excluded if X is an AM- or an AL-space. First, B and C are assumed to be positive operat...

Sistemi wireless a bassa potenza per applicazioni di monitoraggio

Sensor networks play a crucial role in the digital evolution across different fields of research and industrial applications, enabling possibilities that rely on the remote monitoring of phenomena. Among these, we find predictive maintenance, process automation, asset tracking, and environmental observation. Wireless enabled sensor networks are among the scientific fields that have recently experienced a huge growth and impact, thanks also to new low power technologies and the spreading ...

Analisi e progettazione di sistemi di alimentazione a basso rumore e interfacce analogiche integrate per applicazioni di fotorivelazione basati su fotomoltiplicatori al Silicio

This thesis focuses on the development of a low-noise power supply and an integrated analog interface for photodetection applications that involve Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). SiPMs are modern solid-state photon sensors offering exceptional sensitivity and timing resolution, making them suitable for applications ranging from high-energy and nuclear physics experiments to high-sensitivity imaging. For nuclear physics experiment, such as the dark matter detection in DarkSide-20k, a key is ...

Cosa può un mito? Riscritture contemporanee di Filottete e Tiresia

Mutational profiling of genes associated with melanoma progression: a single-center study of primary tumours and matched metastases

Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive cancer originating from normal melanocytes through the accumulation and selection of somatic mutations in driver genes. Four molecular subtypes BRAF, NRAS, NF1, and triple wild type melanomas have been defined based on driver mutations in these genes. The study of molecular heterogeneity between primary tumors and paired metastases is essential for understanding tumor evolution. Most published studies investigated primaries and metastases from different pat...

Caratterizzazione avanzati di componenti realizzati mediante Material Extrusion

This work aims to carry out a detailed investigation into the characterization methods of components made by Material Extrusion (MatEx) process. There are several articles in the literature that analyze the influence of process parameters on mechanical properties of MatEx components. However, traditional characterization methodologies are used, and these are not specifically developed for parts made by Material Extrusion process. Due to the layer-by-layer production mode, these components hav...

Engineered TMDs and TMTHs 2D-materials for Gas Sensing and Photoelectrocatalytic applications

Nanomaterials represent a significant percentage of materials science research. Among them, bidimensional (2D) materials have gained ever increasing relevance; on this account, twenty years of research and technological development of 2D materials and their applications have now passed since the discovery of Graphene in 2004. This thesis work is focused on (i) the synthesis and characterization of innovative 2D materials (ii) their application as functional interfaces for gas sensing and phot...