Cognitive impairment is one of the most common and important aspects in Parkinson Disease (PD), and greatly affects functioning and quality-of-life. The spectrum of cognitive dysfunction in PD has been lately coded in terms of mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and dementia (PDD) with clinical and diagnostic criteria provided by specialists of the Movement Disorders Society (MDS). Our attention was initially focused on the reliability of newly proposed diagnostic criteria for PDD; than the patients were followed for five years to intercept a possible disease profile, including motor, neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric complains, that is associated with cognitive involution. In the laboratory setting, we conducted a genotype-phenotype correlation study to assess the possible role of MAPT haplotypes in determining the motor expression and non-motor profile of PD patients, prior to development of dementia. The results of this study suggest a role of the H1 MAPT haplotype throughout the course of the disease, acting with a degenerative pressure wedge over the years: risk factor for PD with an OR of ~ 1.5, a phenotype co-determining factor with a OR>2 and, finally, a robust genetic risk factor for dementia with an OR>10. The initial results on the non-motor symptoms profile suggest a possible role of MAPT haplotype and tau also for cardiac autonomic dysfunction, prior to the development of Dementia and without association of other non-motor symptoms. These results of non-motor profile represent a preliminary analysis and should be considered with caution. According to what we found, MAPT haplotypes emerged as a biological link between phonotypical manifestation of the disease and the development of Dementia. If the results will be confirmed in larger studies it will be plausible to consider that researches for future neuroprotective treatment may be adjusted in accordance to a possible role of tau protein in the neuronal weakening of metabolic reserve that increase the susceptibility to biochemical insults that are proper of the disease process.
Il deficit cognitivo è uno degli aspetti più comuni e importanti della malattia di Parkinson (PD), influisce notevolmente la qualità e l aspettativa di vita del paziente. Lo spettro delle disfunzioni cognitive nei PD è stato recentemente codificato in termini di Mild Cognitive Impairment (PD-MCI) e Demenza (PDD) con criteri clinici e diagnostici forniti da specialisti del Movement Disorders Society (MDS). La nostra attenzione è stata inizialmente concentrata sulla affidabilità dei criteri diagnostici proposti per PDD; in seguito i pazienti sono stati seguiti per cinque anni per intercettare un possibile profilo malattia, includendo il profilo di disabilità motoria, i deficit neuropsicologici e la compromissione neuropsichiatrica che potevano essere associati al fenomeno di involuzione cognitiva. Nel setting laboratoristico, abbiamo condotto uno studio di correlazione genotipo-fenotipo per valutare il possibile ruolo degli aplotipi MAPT nel determinare l'espressione del profilo motorio e non-motorio nei pazienti con PD, prima dello sviluppo di demenza. I risultati di questo studio suggeriscono un ruolo dell aplotipo H1 MAPT in tutto il corso della malattia, agendo come cuneo di pressione degenerativa nel corso degli anni: un fattore di rischio per lo sviluppo di PD con un OR di ~ 1,5, un fattore genetico di co-determinazione con un OR > 2 del fenotipo motorio durante le fasi intermedie e, infine, un fattore di rischio per la demenza con un OR> 10. I primi risultati sul profilo dei sintomi non-motori suggeriscono un possibile ruolo degli aplotipi MAPT e della proteina tau anche per quanto riguarda la disfunzione cardiaca disautonomica, anche prima dello sviluppo di demenza e in assenza di evidente associazione con altri sintomi non motori. I risultati dello studio di associazione genotipo-fenotipo sugli aspetti non-motori rappresentano un dato preliminare condotto in una porzione della nostra coorte, devono quindi essere considerati con cautela. I dati, nel loro insieme, indicherebbero il gene MAPT e la proteina tau come un legame biologico tra le manifestazione fenotipiche della malattia ed il successivo sviluppo di demenza aumentando la suscettibilità agli insulti biochimici che sono propri del processo della Malattia di Parkinson.
Dementia in Parkinson s Disease: relationship between clinical and neurobiological aspects
DI BATTISTA, MARIA ELENA
2014
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is one of the most common and important aspects in Parkinson Disease (PD), and greatly affects functioning and quality-of-life. The spectrum of cognitive dysfunction in PD has been lately coded in terms of mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and dementia (PDD) with clinical and diagnostic criteria provided by specialists of the Movement Disorders Society (MDS). Our attention was initially focused on the reliability of newly proposed diagnostic criteria for PDD; than the patients were followed for five years to intercept a possible disease profile, including motor, neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric complains, that is associated with cognitive involution. In the laboratory setting, we conducted a genotype-phenotype correlation study to assess the possible role of MAPT haplotypes in determining the motor expression and non-motor profile of PD patients, prior to development of dementia. The results of this study suggest a role of the H1 MAPT haplotype throughout the course of the disease, acting with a degenerative pressure wedge over the years: risk factor for PD with an OR of ~ 1.5, a phenotype co-determining factor with a OR>2 and, finally, a robust genetic risk factor for dementia with an OR>10. The initial results on the non-motor symptoms profile suggest a possible role of MAPT haplotype and tau also for cardiac autonomic dysfunction, prior to the development of Dementia and without association of other non-motor symptoms. These results of non-motor profile represent a preliminary analysis and should be considered with caution. According to what we found, MAPT haplotypes emerged as a biological link between phonotypical manifestation of the disease and the development of Dementia. If the results will be confirmed in larger studies it will be plausible to consider that researches for future neuroprotective treatment may be adjusted in accordance to a possible role of tau protein in the neuronal weakening of metabolic reserve that increase the susceptibility to biochemical insults that are proper of the disease process.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/116937
URN:NBN:IT:UNICT-116937