Mediterranean ecosystems have not been consistently investigated as natural microbial habitat. We tried to describe the ecosystem of Parco Naturale of Conero through a previous characterization of biodiversity of such yeast species. In total, we isolated 272 yeast strains from different natural substrates (such as leaves, fruits, flowers and soil). These strains were collected and studied for specific phenotypic traits. The proportion of red yeasts, among all analyzed, was about 20%, so we decided to focus our attention on this kind of microorganisms. In order to increase knowledge about their role in biological systems, we were also interested in production of carotenoid pigments. There is growing market for carotenoids, used as natural feed colourants and foods (Johnson & Schroeder, 1995); enlarge interest is actually directed on these yeasts, due to the evidence that they are ‘natural productors’ of carotenoids. On the basis of their morphological and physiological characteristics, we identified four genera of basidiomycetous yeasts (Rhodotorula, Rhodosporidium, Cystofilobasidium, Sporidiobolus). Rhodotorula was the most prevalent genus, in particular with the following species: R. glutinis (15 strains, mainly isolated from flowers), R. lactose (11 strains, mainly isolated from fruits of Arbutus unedo). Isolates only from fruits belonged to less represented genus Rhodosporidium, sometimes teleomorphic form of Rhodotorula. The presence of few species seemed to be associated with a particular plant (A. unedo), suggesting that such biological mechanisms of selection are possible. Further studies should be conducted on putative physiological roles and characteristics of these discussed yeasts mainly to increase biotechnological applications of the same.
Gli habitat che ricadono nel Parco del M. Conero, di grande interesse scientifico e ambientale, sono stati oggetto di numerosi studi naturalistici che si sono susseguiti nel tempo fin dal 1800. Praticamente quasi sconosciuti, risultano i microrganismi che vivono negli ambienti mediterranei e che rappresentano, invece, una componente fondamentale di ogni ecosistema. Nella presente ricerca sono stati presi in considerazione i lieviti isolati dal suolo, foglie, fiori e frutti delle specie vegetali del Conero. Tenuto conto della vastità dell’area e della cospicua varietà dei ceppi isolati, l’indagine va considerata un iniziale piccolo tassello della conoscenza della microflora del suddetto habitat. La ricerca, fin qui condotta, è stata circoscritta ad un particolare gruppo di lieviti cosiddetti lieviti rossi. Questi lieviti, in grado di sintetizzare carotenoidi, sono da tempo studiati come fonte naturale di pigmenti con un importante ruolo nei sistemi biologici, e parallelamente sono oggetto di un crescente interesse commerciale. In questo lavoro, i lieviti pigmentati sono stati identificati sulla base delle caratteristiche morfologiche e fisiologiche. Risultano essere tutti basidiomiceti, riconducibili a 4 generi: Rhodotorula, Rhodosporidium, Cystofilobasidium, Sporidiobolus. Il genere prevalente risulta essere Rhodotorula, le cui specie più frequenti sono R. glutinis (15 ceppi isolati prevalentemente da fiori), R. lactosa (11 ceppi isolati principalmente da frutti di corbezzolo Arbutus unedo). Segue il genere Rhodosporidium, con isolati provenienti solo da frutti, di cui alcune specie sono considerate la forma teleomorfa di Rhodotorula. L’evidenza che la gran parte dei lieviti rossi è stata isolata da Arbutus unedo, suggerisce una possibile associazione tra la specie vegetale e quelle fungine. Ulteriori studi in merito potrebbero essere volti a confermare l’effettiva presenza di tale relazione e a ipotizzarne i probabili meccanismi biologici alla base di queste interazioni.
Biodiversità dei lieviti pigmentati del Parco naturale del Monte Conero
Adriana, Giustini
2011
Abstract
Mediterranean ecosystems have not been consistently investigated as natural microbial habitat. We tried to describe the ecosystem of Parco Naturale of Conero through a previous characterization of biodiversity of such yeast species. In total, we isolated 272 yeast strains from different natural substrates (such as leaves, fruits, flowers and soil). These strains were collected and studied for specific phenotypic traits. The proportion of red yeasts, among all analyzed, was about 20%, so we decided to focus our attention on this kind of microorganisms. In order to increase knowledge about their role in biological systems, we were also interested in production of carotenoid pigments. There is growing market for carotenoids, used as natural feed colourants and foods (Johnson & Schroeder, 1995); enlarge interest is actually directed on these yeasts, due to the evidence that they are ‘natural productors’ of carotenoids. On the basis of their morphological and physiological characteristics, we identified four genera of basidiomycetous yeasts (Rhodotorula, Rhodosporidium, Cystofilobasidium, Sporidiobolus). Rhodotorula was the most prevalent genus, in particular with the following species: R. glutinis (15 strains, mainly isolated from flowers), R. lactose (11 strains, mainly isolated from fruits of Arbutus unedo). Isolates only from fruits belonged to less represented genus Rhodosporidium, sometimes teleomorphic form of Rhodotorula. The presence of few species seemed to be associated with a particular plant (A. unedo), suggesting that such biological mechanisms of selection are possible. Further studies should be conducted on putative physiological roles and characteristics of these discussed yeasts mainly to increase biotechnological applications of the same.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Frontespizio tesi.pdf
accesso solo da BNCF e BNCR
Dimensione
77.07 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
77.07 kB | Adobe PDF | |
Tesi.Giustini1.pdf
accesso solo da BNCF e BNCR
Dimensione
807.91 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
807.91 kB | Adobe PDF | |
Allegati.Tesi.Giustini.pdf
accesso solo da BNCF e BNCR
Dimensione
2.51 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.51 MB | Adobe PDF |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/121580
URN:NBN:IT:UNIVPM-121580