Characterization and Performance assessment of read-out electronics for “On-Line”PET in hadron therapy dosimetry

PET is valuable technique to monitor in-situ and non-invasively the delivered dose in ion beam therapy exploiting the beta+ activity produced in nuclear interactions along the beam path within the target volume. Due to the high beam-induced radiation flux and, at the same time, low statistics of annihilation photons, as of to date to date are usually acquired during beam pauses or after irradiation. The main challenge to be solved in in-beam PET applications is data acquisition also during therapeutic irradiation (full in-beam measurement). Any attempt to acquire coincidence data during the beam has been unsuccessful. Our new PET prototype is based on two planar heads, each head consisting of two independent detector modules with a joint active area about 10*5 cm2. Each module is made of a position sensitive photo-multiplier H8500C coupled directly to a scintilator LYSO crystal matrix of the same size. In recent improvement we have implemented a faster photon discrimination component that reduces the front-end dead time, and a modularized acquisition system that paralyzes the detector sensitive area. For the first time, the PET system has been able to sustain the single photon count rates and acquire coincidences during the beam, in conditions of sub-clinical beam currents. A study on the pluralization conditions and dead time losses under different beam currents is presented and the feasibility of a full in-beam PET scanner is discussed.