The research has been focused on the study of the photochemical effect of light on bacterial populations, with the objective of identifying the parameters of relevance for the effects. Initially, with the purpose of developing the system and identifying the experimental conditions for bactericidal activity, experiments were performed with a non pathogenic Escherichia coli strain, DH-10B. The research activities have been focused mainly on the following parameters: irradiation, wavelength, time of exposure, initial bacteria concentration, volume of the sample, depth of the liquid sample. The results obtained indicate that irradiation is the driving force in the process, and beyond a certain threshold makes the time of exposure less relevant. The results obtained showed that infrared radiation, and the consequent increase in temperature, have no relevant effect on the disinfection, since the same values of bactericidal action were obtained in experiments performed in the open field and in a greenhouse with controlled temperature. An important feature is that the bactericidal effect has been obtained in the absence of UV radiation, for which the mutagenic effect is well known, and therefore UV light can be susbstituted by visible light in the appropriate experimental conditions. Once the experimental conditions had been defined, in order to obtain satisfactory results in laboratory conditions, the experiments have been performed on water samples from the territory of the Parma Province, which contained coliforms, enterococci and Escherichia coli. The disinfection activity has been tested n drinking water and waste water. The results obtained showed that irradiation with artificial light of wavelength between 380 an 760 nanometers causes a decrease in bacterial load of over 90%, with exposure times of 15 minutes. It is highly interesting for possible applications that such a decrease has been obtained with very short periods of exposure. This work has allowed to establish an approach for disinfection of contaminated waters, by utilising a low impact system. non polluting, with no use of chemical substances or UV light, using simply visible light to obtain a decrease in bacterial load of 90% (reference value for UV disinfection). The application of this approach can be of interest for several end-users, as has been shown through contacts with companies and operators of environmental services. It has to be remarked that a cooperation has been established with Ente Montagna 2000, managing water services for the municipalities of the Parma Appennine mountains.
Il lavoro di ricerca di dottorato ha avuto come oggetto lo studio dell’effetto fotochimico della luce su popolazioni batteriche con l'obiettivo di individuare i parametri da cui tali effetti dipendevano. Inizialmente, allo scopo di mettere a punto il sistema e di identificare le condizioni sperimentali in grado di svolgere un’azione antibatterica e in particolare battericida, è stata svolta una sperimentazione utilizzando un ceppo di Escherichia coli non patogeno, Escherichia coli DH-10B. La ricerca svolta è stata focalizzata principalmente sui seguenti parametri: illuminamento, lunghezza d’onda, tempo di esposizione, concentrazione batterica iniziale, volume del liquido da depurare e profondità dello stesso. L’insieme dei risultati ottenuti indica che l’illuminamento è il vero “motore” del processo, in grado, oltre determinate soglie, di rendere meno influente anche il tempo di esposizione. I risultati ottenuti dimostrano che la radiazione infrarossa, e l’aumento della temperatura da essa determinato, non ha un effetto rilevante sul processo depurativo, in quanto gli stessi valori di abbattimento della carica batterica si sono ottenuti in esperimenti condotti in campo aperto e in serra a temperatura controllata. Un aspetto particolarmente rilevante consiste nel fatto che l’azione battericida è stata ottenuta in assenza di radiazione ultravioletta, la cui azione mutagena è ben nota, e che, pertanto quest’ultima può essere sostituita a scopi depurativi dalla luce visibile, nelle opportune condizioni sperimentali. Una volta definite le diverse condizioni sperimentali che davano risultati soddisfacenti in termini di attività antibatterica in esperimenti di laboratorio, si è passati alla sperimentazione su campioni di acque prelevate sul territorio parmense, contenenti coliformi totali, enterococchi fecali ed Escherichia coli per investigare l’attività depurativa sulle acque potabili e reflue. I risultati ottenuti dimostrano che mediante irraggiamento con luce artificiale avente lunghezza d’onda compresa tra 380 e 760 nanometri, si ottiene un abbattimento della carica batterica di oltre il 90% con tempi di trattamento di soli 15 minuti primi. Si considera di potenziale interesse anche per scopi applicativi il fatto tali valori siano stati ottenuti anche in trattamenti effettuati per tempi tanto brevi. Questa ricerca ha consentito di stabilire un approccio per la disinfezione di acque contaminate con l’utilizzazione di un sistema a basso impatto, non inquinante, senza l’uso né di sostanze chimiche battericide né di raggi UV, arrivando con il solo irraggiamento con luce visibile a superare la percentuale di abbattimento del 90%, valore di riferimento nel trattamento con radiazione ultravioletta. Le applicazioni di un tale approccio possono essere di interesse per diversi utilizzatori, come dimostrato nel corso della esperienza dai contatti presi con aziende e operatori del settore ambientale. Si segnala inoltre la collaborazione diretta con l’Ente Montagna 2000, gestore del ciclo idrico per i Comuni dell’Appennino Parmense con cui è stata svolta parte del lavoro.
Trattamenti biotecnologici delle acque
2015
Abstract
The research has been focused on the study of the photochemical effect of light on bacterial populations, with the objective of identifying the parameters of relevance for the effects. Initially, with the purpose of developing the system and identifying the experimental conditions for bactericidal activity, experiments were performed with a non pathogenic Escherichia coli strain, DH-10B. The research activities have been focused mainly on the following parameters: irradiation, wavelength, time of exposure, initial bacteria concentration, volume of the sample, depth of the liquid sample. The results obtained indicate that irradiation is the driving force in the process, and beyond a certain threshold makes the time of exposure less relevant. The results obtained showed that infrared radiation, and the consequent increase in temperature, have no relevant effect on the disinfection, since the same values of bactericidal action were obtained in experiments performed in the open field and in a greenhouse with controlled temperature. An important feature is that the bactericidal effect has been obtained in the absence of UV radiation, for which the mutagenic effect is well known, and therefore UV light can be susbstituted by visible light in the appropriate experimental conditions. Once the experimental conditions had been defined, in order to obtain satisfactory results in laboratory conditions, the experiments have been performed on water samples from the territory of the Parma Province, which contained coliforms, enterococci and Escherichia coli. The disinfection activity has been tested n drinking water and waste water. The results obtained showed that irradiation with artificial light of wavelength between 380 an 760 nanometers causes a decrease in bacterial load of over 90%, with exposure times of 15 minutes. It is highly interesting for possible applications that such a decrease has been obtained with very short periods of exposure. This work has allowed to establish an approach for disinfection of contaminated waters, by utilising a low impact system. non polluting, with no use of chemical substances or UV light, using simply visible light to obtain a decrease in bacterial load of 90% (reference value for UV disinfection). The application of this approach can be of interest for several end-users, as has been shown through contacts with companies and operators of environmental services. It has to be remarked that a cooperation has been established with Ente Montagna 2000, managing water services for the municipalities of the Parma Appennine mountains.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/149792
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPR-149792