Bifidobacteria are Gram positive bacteria that represent one of the largest Genus within the Actinobacteria phylum, which are characterized by non-motile, non-sporulating, non-gas-producing, anaerobic microorganisms. Bifidobacteria represent one of the relatively dominant components of the human gut microbiota where they are considered one of the key groups of beneficial intestinal bacteria. The gut microbiota is a complex microbial community that influences the physiology, health status and immune function of the host. Little is known about the genetic and molecular mechanisms sustaining the establishment and persistence of these commensals bacteria in the large intestine of mammals. For this reason, functional genomics and transcriptomics approaches are helpful tools in order to understand how the bifidobacterial population contributes to the gut colonization. The aim of this Ph.D. thesis research is to study the genetic adaptation of bifidobacteria to the human gut with the use of genomics and transcriptomics based approaches. In particular, this study focused on the genetic strategies used by different bifidobacterial strains to utilize complex glycans commonly found in high abundance in the human gut, sustaining the co-evolution bacteria- host concept.
I bifidobatteri sono batteri Gram positivi che appartengono al phylum degli Actinobacteria, caratterizzati dall’avere alto contenuto in GC nel loro DNA, dall’essere non mobili, asporigeni e anaerobi. I bifidobatteri sono parte del microbiota intestinale umano dove sono ritenuti in grado di esplicare degli effetti benefici sull’ospite. Nell’intestino i bifidobatteri sono in grado di influenzare la fisiologia, lo stato di salute e la risposta immunitaria dell’ospite. Tuttavia, poco si conosce dei meccanismi molecolari e genetici che sono coinvolti nella colonizzazione dell’intestino umano da parte dei bifidobatteri. Recentemente grazie all’utilizzo di nuovi approcci di genomica e trascrittomica si è iniziato a comprendere le basi molecolari che permettono ai vari componenti del microbiota intestinale di colonizzare e persistere in questo ambiente. Lo scopo di questa tesi è studiare l’adattamento dei bifidobatteri al GIT dal punto di vista genetico e la loro capacità di utilizzare zuccheri complessi comunemente ritrovati nel tratto intestinale. La capacità di utilizzare zuccheri complessi come fonte nutritiva, sembra infatti essere un chiaro esempio di adattamento all’ospite e nello specifico dimostrazione della co-evoluzione microrganismo-ospite caratteristica di questa nicchia ecologica.
Genetic adaptation of bifidobacteria to the human gut: insights from genomics and transcriptomics analyses
2015
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are Gram positive bacteria that represent one of the largest Genus within the Actinobacteria phylum, which are characterized by non-motile, non-sporulating, non-gas-producing, anaerobic microorganisms. Bifidobacteria represent one of the relatively dominant components of the human gut microbiota where they are considered one of the key groups of beneficial intestinal bacteria. The gut microbiota is a complex microbial community that influences the physiology, health status and immune function of the host. Little is known about the genetic and molecular mechanisms sustaining the establishment and persistence of these commensals bacteria in the large intestine of mammals. For this reason, functional genomics and transcriptomics approaches are helpful tools in order to understand how the bifidobacterial population contributes to the gut colonization. The aim of this Ph.D. thesis research is to study the genetic adaptation of bifidobacteria to the human gut with the use of genomics and transcriptomics based approaches. In particular, this study focused on the genetic strategies used by different bifidobacterial strains to utilize complex glycans commonly found in high abundance in the human gut, sustaining the co-evolution bacteria- host concept.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/149808
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPR-149808