La plusdotazione in classe: le percezioni di alcuni insegnanti, genitori e dirigenti veneti

Giftedness is an interaction of biological and contextual factors (Gagné, 2001). However, since the past, there has been a tendency to include in this category subjects who demonstrate an intellectual quotient (IQ) above the average, favoring factors considered "biological". The school legislation identifies the characteristics of gifted children as special educational needs (BES), a figure also confirmed by some researches (De Angelis, 2017; Pinnelli, 2019) and sanctioned by the recent ministerial note n. 562 of 3 April 2019, thus underlining that "speciality" of those who demonstrate difficulties or disadvantages (Dovigo, 2014b). The research sample consists of: 37 primary school teachers; 15 parents and 3 head teachers. The teachers were grouped into 6 focus groups, while the parents and managers participated in an individual interview. All the meetings were audio recorded and then transcribed. The data was then analyzed with the NVivo software. The perceptions of some primary school teachers, some managers and parents demonstrate the prevalence of a medical approach, where the etiquette would have priority in recognizing giftedness in children, to consequently adopt unbalanced practices on the cognitive side. Priority seems to be given to the IQ score rather than the recognition and enhancement of talents. Considering the development of talents, through a bio-psycho-social approach (with reference to the ICF (WHO, 2001), leads us to shift the focus on the potential and talents of each one, and ask ourselves about a possible teaching of talents. Transition is essential if we want to give greater importance to the role of the teacher, who cannot and must not be that of an "assistant" to the clinician, intent on identifying difficulties, disorders and "special" needs, but a promoter of learning, developping talents of everyone, towards a model of "school of talents" (Baldacci, 2002; Margiotta, 2018).