Handedness is the most obvious behavioural asymmetry in humans: the study of manual lateralization in non-human primates could represent an optimal way to investigate the evolutionary origin and the adaptive value of handedness in our species. The aim of this project is to investigate and compare the hand preference in 32 Old World monkeys and 26 apes during simple and complex tasks, assessing the effect of sex and age on primate handedness. Three different studies were done: a low-level task (Old World monkeys and apes), an high-level task (Old World monkeys) and a tool-use task (chimpanzees). In the low-level task, data about simple and spontaneous actions (foraging, locomotion and manipulation) were collected. In the high-level task and in the tool-use task, data about the hand preference during the interaction with an experimental apparatus (complex task) were collected. In the low-level task, a significant group level right hand preference was found. Furthermore, a strong bias toward right hand use for starting locomotion and for manipulation were reported. Considering the effect of sex and age, in the Old World monkey sample, the H-index for manipulation were significantly higher in females than in males. Furthermore, a positive correlation between the H-index for manipulation and the age of the subjects was found. Regarding the comparison between the different groups, the H-index for manipulations were significantly higher in apes than in Old World monkeys. These results suggest an important role of factors such as posture and task complexity in the evolution of primate manual lateralization; in addition, the sex as well as the individual experience of the subjects seem to be relevant in the determination of primate hand preference. In the high-level and the tool-use tasks, no significant hand preference for any of the actions considered was reported. However, the ABS-HI (strength of the hand preference) for food retrieval and manipulation were significantly higher in the high-level and in the tool-use tasks than in the low-level task. Therefore, task complexity seems to play a key role in the determination of hand preference, although only at the individual level.
La preferenza manuale è l’asimmetria comportamentale più evidente nell’uomo; lo studio della lateralizzazione manuale nei primati non-umani può rappresentare una strategia ottimale per comprendere le origini evolutive e il valore adattativo della preferenza manuale nella nostra specie. Lo scopo di questo progetto è stato valutare la preferenza manuale in azioni semplici e complesse in 32 scimmie del Vecchio Mondo e 26 scimmie antropomorfe, confrontandola poi fra i due gruppi; inoltre, si è andati a considerare l’effetto di sesso ed età sulla preferenza manuale. Questo progetto si compone di 3 diversi studi: un low-level task (scimmie del Vecchio Mondo e scimmie antropomorfe), un high-level task (scimmie del Vecchio Mondo) e un tool-use task (scimpanzé). Nel low-level task, sono stati raccolti dati relativi alla preferenza manuale in azioni semplici e spontanee (foraging, manipolazione e locomozione). Nell’high-level task e nel tool-use task, invece, sono stati raccolti dati circa la preferenza manuale durante l’interazione con degli apparati sperimentali (compito complesso). Nel low-level task, è emersa una preferenza per l’uso della mano destra a livello di gruppo; inoltre, l’uso preferenziale della la mano destra a livello di gruppo è stato riscontrato anche nell’ambito di manipolazione e locomozione. Per quanto riguarda sesso ed età, gli H-index per la manipolazione sono risultati essere significativamente più elevati nei maschi rispetto alle femmine nelle scimmie del Vecchio Mondo; inoltre, è stata trovata una correlazione positiva significativa fra i valori degli H-index per la manipolazione e l’età dei soggetti. Per quanto riguarda il confronto fra i due gruppi, gli H-index per la manipolazione sono risultati essere significativamente maggiori nelle scimmie antropomorfe rispetto che in quelle del Vecchio Mondo. Questi risultati suggeriscono che fattori quali postura e complessità del compito sembrano avere un ruolo importante nell’evoluzione della preferenza manuale dei primati; inoltre, anche il sesso e l’esperienza individuale dei soggetti potrebbero essere rilevanti nella determinazione della lateralizzazione manuale dei soggetti. Per quanto riguarda high-level task e tool-use task, non è emersa una preferenza manuale significativa in alcuna delle azioni considerate. Tuttavia, gli ABS-HI (forza della preferenza manuale) per recupero del cibo e manipolazione sono risultati essere significativamente più elevati in high-level task e tool-use task rispetto che nel low-level task. Pertanto, la complessità del compito sembra giocare un ruolo fondamentale nella determinazione di una preferenza manuale, anche se unicamente a livello individuale.
Due compiti, una mano: evoluzione della preferenza manuale nei primati non-umani
2015
Abstract
Handedness is the most obvious behavioural asymmetry in humans: the study of manual lateralization in non-human primates could represent an optimal way to investigate the evolutionary origin and the adaptive value of handedness in our species. The aim of this project is to investigate and compare the hand preference in 32 Old World monkeys and 26 apes during simple and complex tasks, assessing the effect of sex and age on primate handedness. Three different studies were done: a low-level task (Old World monkeys and apes), an high-level task (Old World monkeys) and a tool-use task (chimpanzees). In the low-level task, data about simple and spontaneous actions (foraging, locomotion and manipulation) were collected. In the high-level task and in the tool-use task, data about the hand preference during the interaction with an experimental apparatus (complex task) were collected. In the low-level task, a significant group level right hand preference was found. Furthermore, a strong bias toward right hand use for starting locomotion and for manipulation were reported. Considering the effect of sex and age, in the Old World monkey sample, the H-index for manipulation were significantly higher in females than in males. Furthermore, a positive correlation between the H-index for manipulation and the age of the subjects was found. Regarding the comparison between the different groups, the H-index for manipulations were significantly higher in apes than in Old World monkeys. These results suggest an important role of factors such as posture and task complexity in the evolution of primate manual lateralization; in addition, the sex as well as the individual experience of the subjects seem to be relevant in the determination of primate hand preference. In the high-level and the tool-use tasks, no significant hand preference for any of the actions considered was reported. However, the ABS-HI (strength of the hand preference) for food retrieval and manipulation were significantly higher in the high-level and in the tool-use tasks than in the low-level task. Therefore, task complexity seems to play a key role in the determination of hand preference, although only at the individual level.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Tesi%20PHD%20Regaiolli.pdf
accesso solo da BNCF e BNCR
Tipologia:
Altro materiale allegato
Dimensione
14.81 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
14.81 MB | Adobe PDF |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/152983
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPR-152983