Background: COPD patients frequently have albuminuria (indicative of renal endothelial cell injury) associated with hypoxemia. We hypothesized that: 1) cigarette smoke (CS)-induced pulmonary and renal endothelial cell injury explains the association between albuminuria and COPD; 2) CS-induced albuminuria is linked to increases in the oxidative-stress-advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-receptor for AGEs (RAGE) pathway; and 3) Enalapril (which has anti-oxidant properties) limits the progression of pulmonary and renal injury by reducing activation of the AGEs-RAGE pathway in endothelial cells in both organs. Methods: In 26 COPD patients, 24 ever-smokers without COPD, and 32 non-smokers who underwent a renal biopsy or nephrectomy and CS-exposed mice, we assessed pathologic and ultra-structural renal lesions, and measured urinary albumin:creatinine ratios (UACRs), tissue oxidative stress levels, and AGEs, and RAGE levels in pulmonary and renal endothelial cells. The efficacy of Enalapril on pulmonary and renal lesions was assessed in CS-exposed mice. Results: COPD patients and/or CS-exposed mice had chronic renal injury, increased UACRs, and increased tissue oxidative stress and AGEs-RAGE levels in pulmonary and renal ECs. Treating mice with Enalapril attenuated CS-induced increases in UACRs, tissue oxidative stress levels, endothelial cell AGEs and RAGE levels, pulmonary and renal cell apoptosis, and the progression of chronic renal and pulmonary lesions. Conclusions: COPD patients and/or CS-exposed mice have pulmonary and renal endothelial cell injury linked to increased endothelial cell AGEs and RAGE levels. Albuminuria could identify COPD patients in whom ACEi therapy improves renal and lung function by reducing endothelial injury.
Premessa: I pazienti con BPCO presentano frequentemente albuminuria (indicativa di danno dell' endotelio renale) associata con ipossiemia. Noi ipotizziamo che: 1) il danno delle cellule endoteliali polmonari e renali dovuto al fumo di sigaretta (CS) spieghi l' associazione tra albuminuria e BPCO; 2) l'albuminuria causata dall' esposizione al CS sia correlata ad aumenti dell'asse stress ossidativo- advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-receptor for AGEs (RAGE); e 3) l' Enalapril (che ha proprieta' anti-ossidanti) limiti la progressione delle lesion renali e polmonari riducendo l'attivazione dell' asse AGE-RAGE nelle cellule endoteliali di entrambi gli organi. Metodi: In 26 pazienti con BPCO, 24 fumatori senza BCPO, e 32 non fumatori, che erano stati sottoposti in precedenza a biopsia renale o nefrectomia, ed in topi esposti a CS, abbiamo valutato le lesioni patologiche ed ultrastrutturali renali, e misurato i livelli di albumina:creatinina (UACRs), I livelli di stress ossidativo tissutale, e i livelli di RAGE nelle cellule endoteliali di rene e polmone. Inoltre, abbiamo testato l' efficacia dell' Enalapril sulle lesioni polmonari e renali in topi esposti al CS. Risultati: I pazienti con BPCO e/o i topi esposti a CS presentavano danno renale cronico, aumento di UACRs, e aumento dei livelli di stress ossidativo tissutale e di AGEs e RAGE nelle cellule endoteliali di rene e polmone. Il trattamento con Enalapril dei topi esposti a CS ha attenuato gli aumenti di UACRs indotti dal CS, i livelli di stress ossidativo, i livelli di AGEs e RAGE endoteliali, l’ apoptosi delle cellule polmonari e renali, e la progressione delle lesioni croniche polmonari e renali. Conclusioni: I pazienti con BPCO e/o i topi esposti a CS presentano lesioni delle cellule endoteliali renali e polmonari correlati con aumento dei livelli di AGEs e RAGE. L’ albuminuria potrebbe identificare pazienti con BPCO in cui la terapia con ACE inibitori possa far migliorare la funzione renale riducendo il danno endoteliale.
Il danno renale cronico e' una comorbidita' sottostimata della BPCO ed e' relazionata a danno endoteliale
2017
Abstract
Background: COPD patients frequently have albuminuria (indicative of renal endothelial cell injury) associated with hypoxemia. We hypothesized that: 1) cigarette smoke (CS)-induced pulmonary and renal endothelial cell injury explains the association between albuminuria and COPD; 2) CS-induced albuminuria is linked to increases in the oxidative-stress-advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-receptor for AGEs (RAGE) pathway; and 3) Enalapril (which has anti-oxidant properties) limits the progression of pulmonary and renal injury by reducing activation of the AGEs-RAGE pathway in endothelial cells in both organs. Methods: In 26 COPD patients, 24 ever-smokers without COPD, and 32 non-smokers who underwent a renal biopsy or nephrectomy and CS-exposed mice, we assessed pathologic and ultra-structural renal lesions, and measured urinary albumin:creatinine ratios (UACRs), tissue oxidative stress levels, and AGEs, and RAGE levels in pulmonary and renal endothelial cells. The efficacy of Enalapril on pulmonary and renal lesions was assessed in CS-exposed mice. Results: COPD patients and/or CS-exposed mice had chronic renal injury, increased UACRs, and increased tissue oxidative stress and AGEs-RAGE levels in pulmonary and renal ECs. Treating mice with Enalapril attenuated CS-induced increases in UACRs, tissue oxidative stress levels, endothelial cell AGEs and RAGE levels, pulmonary and renal cell apoptosis, and the progression of chronic renal and pulmonary lesions. Conclusions: COPD patients and/or CS-exposed mice have pulmonary and renal endothelial cell injury linked to increased endothelial cell AGEs and RAGE levels. Albuminuria could identify COPD patients in whom ACEi therapy improves renal and lung function by reducing endothelial injury.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/153923
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPR-153923