The development of anthropogenic coastal activities has led to the contamination of marine sediments with hazardous substances, posing serious risks to the health and well-being of humans and the environment. It is of paramount importance to develop sustainable technologies for the simultaneous treatment of different contaminants, providing a permanent solution to reduce the hazardousness of sediments in aquatic environments. Recently, nanomaterials are gaining ground in the remediation sector, so the need arises to develop ever-new ones concerning sustainability. Materials that have natural substances or waste as precursors are ideal candidates. This study aimed to develop sustainable materials for the remediation of contaminated marine sediments. The synthesis of the materials involves oxidation of the precursors (cellulose) with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO), acidification and branching with branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI), and freezing overnight. The better method to obtain this material was individuated between freeze-drying, Soxhlet extractor or a combination of both. A Soxhlet extractor with ethanol as solvent was the best way in terms of time and yield and it was used to obtain the chitin-based material. After being chemically and microstructurally characterized, the materials obtained was subjected to adsorption tests with three organic tracers: Methylene Blue, 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde and 4-Nitrophenol, and two heavy metals: Chromium and Cadmium. All the experiments were implemented with LCA analysis to evaluate the environmental impact.
Lo sviluppo di attività costiere antropogeniche ha portato alla contaminazione dei sedimenti marini con sostanze pericolose, con gravi rischi per la salute e il benessere dell'uomo e dell'ambiente. È di fondamentale importanza sviluppare tecnologie sostenibili per il trattamento simultaneo di diversi contaminanti, fornendo una soluzione permanente per ridurre la pericolosità dei sedimenti negli ambienti acquatici. Recentemente, i nanomateriali stanno guadagnando terreno nel settore della bonifica, quindi sorge la necessità di svilupparne di sempre nuovi in materia di sostenibilità. I materiali che contengono sostanze naturali o rifiuti come precursori sono i candidati ideali. Questo studio mirava a sviluppare materiali sostenibili per la bonifica dei sedimenti marini contaminati. La sintesi dei materiali comporta l'ossidazione dei precursori (cellulosa) con 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO), acidificazione e ramificazione con polietilenicina ramificata (bPEI) e congelamento durante la notte. Il metodo migliore per ottenere questo materiale è stato individuato tra liofilizzazione, estrattore Soxhlet o una combinazione di entrambi. L'estrattore Soxhlet utilizzando l'etanolo come solvente è stato il modo migliore in termini di tempo e resa ed è stato utilizzato per ottenere il materiale a base di chitina. Dopo essere stati caratterizzati chimicamente e microstruturalmente, i materiali ottenuti sono stati sottoposti a prove di adsorbimento con tre traccianti organici: Blu Metilene, 4-Nitrobenzaldeide e 4-Nitrofenolo, e due metalli pesanti: Cromo e Cadmio. Tutti gli esperimenti sono stati implementati con l'analisi LCA per verificarne l'impatto ambientale.
Innovative adsorbent materials for reactive capping of contaminated marine sediments
Di Clemente, Milvia Elena
2024
Abstract
The development of anthropogenic coastal activities has led to the contamination of marine sediments with hazardous substances, posing serious risks to the health and well-being of humans and the environment. It is of paramount importance to develop sustainable technologies for the simultaneous treatment of different contaminants, providing a permanent solution to reduce the hazardousness of sediments in aquatic environments. Recently, nanomaterials are gaining ground in the remediation sector, so the need arises to develop ever-new ones concerning sustainability. Materials that have natural substances or waste as precursors are ideal candidates. This study aimed to develop sustainable materials for the remediation of contaminated marine sediments. The synthesis of the materials involves oxidation of the precursors (cellulose) with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO), acidification and branching with branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI), and freezing overnight. The better method to obtain this material was individuated between freeze-drying, Soxhlet extractor or a combination of both. A Soxhlet extractor with ethanol as solvent was the best way in terms of time and yield and it was used to obtain the chitin-based material. After being chemically and microstructurally characterized, the materials obtained was subjected to adsorption tests with three organic tracers: Methylene Blue, 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde and 4-Nitrophenol, and two heavy metals: Chromium and Cadmium. All the experiments were implemented with LCA analysis to evaluate the environmental impact.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/158606
URN:NBN:IT:POLIBA-158606