The Legislator, with the provision of paragraph 4-ter art. 3 of d.l. February 10, 2009, No 5, converted with some amendments by the law “April 9, 2009, No 33”, and replaced by. Art.42, paragraph 2-bis of the d.l. nr. 78 of May 31st 2010, has introduced a new figure of contract with the clear aim of promoting the development of the Country. The work, starting from an empirical survey of individual contracts actually concluded, intends to define under new legal and economic background the new instrument of the network contract between companies, establishing the possibility of establishing horizontal relations between participants, that the Legislator has expressly provided for in the common law, meaning such network as all the obbligations that are taken in order to realize the "joint network program”, by one or more of its members against and in favor of one or more other participants. This research, first of all, shows in the first chapter, the relevance that horizontal relations established within the new contract may have in achieving the goals of economic policy pursued by the law: to this end we proceed, therefore, in a brief analysis of the characteristics the Italian economic system, identifying the economic and legal concepts of "district" and "factual business network" and pointing out that the same are based on economic relations that can be represented in the form of horizontal relations between participants in the new contractual instrument. This research verifies that the potentiality/ effectiveness/volontariaty of the latter allows you to draw the line between the same figures. The research continues, then, to verify if the prediction of such horizontal relationships among the participants - allowing, to this new type of contract, to transpose in a giuridical way the actual economic structure of our country's production structure (business districts and de-facto networks of compaies) - is material in relation to legislative economical policy and identifies what benefits it may be generated in terms of external economies at the level of individual member company, but internal to the network itself (in particular with respect to the improved credit eligibility of the firms participating in networks). Having verified that, at least in theory, the possibility of establishing horizontal relations between participants can be helpful in pursuing the aim of economic policy, we proceed to understand how this provision has resulted in the legal structuring of the contract. In the second chapter, continuing the analysis of the current contract categories and considered also their evolution, is defined, from a legal-dogmatic point of view, the “network contract”, and analyzing and excluding those theories which attribute to it an “hybrid” nature and its possible link to exchange contracts, the research highlights all the reasons that lead us to conclude that it has always to be considered an associative contract. Because of this act, recapitulating the features of this contract category, the research proceeds to highlight the problems connected to application of Articles. 1420, 1446, 1459 and 1466 cc, expressly cited by the Legislator: such articles, created to regulate contracts involving only vertical relationships between the “entity” and the “associates” are not the entirely adequate to set a contract with horizontal relations, which requires a reconsideration of the criteria for interpretation of those rules, which allows to offer adequate protection to any contractual interest. The third part analyzes whether, within the category of associative contracts, the network contract is a new kind of contract or whether it is reconductable to existing contractual types and, if so, to what extent: in making such examination, taking into account that the legislation contains a specific reference to certain rules governing the mutual fund, it is verified if the network contract can be justified within the general type of consortium contract, emphasizing, however, that the horizontal relationship qualify it as a new type of consortium, which offers more than existing tools and that the presence of such relationships is an obstacle to the possibility that the network contract can assume societary forms. The conclusion of this paper stresses that the Legislator, with the introduction of the network contract, has introduced an innovative associative species, reconductable to that of a consortium, allowing, for the first time, that the structuring of such a type of contract can occur not only through the usual vertical relationships, which formally link the participants with the Entity, but also through horizontal relationships, which contribute, together with the ordinary vertical relationships, to make possible, through the combination of the activities of participants and the exchange between them of both performances or resources, the implementation of activities aimed at achieving the common purpose of the contract in question
Il legislatore, con la previsione di cui al comma 4- ter dell'art. 3 del d.l. 10 febbraio 2009, n. 5, convertito con modificazioni dalla legge 9 aprile 2009, n. 33, e sostituito dall'art. 42, comma 2-bis del d.l. 31 maggio 2010 n. 78, ha introdotto una nuova figura contrattuale avente la chiara finalità di favorire lo sviluppo dell'economia del paese. Il lavoro, partendo da una ricognizione empirica dei singoli contratti effettivamente stipulati, intende procedere ad una ricostruzione economicagiuridico del nuovo strumento della rete contrattuale tra imprese, fondandola sulla possibilità di costituire rapporti orizzontali tra partecipanti, che il legislatore ha espressamente previsto nella disciplina di legge, intendendosi tali tutte le obbligazioni che vengono assunte, al fine di realizzare il «programma comune di rete», da parte di uno o più degli aderenti nei confronti e a favore di uno o più degli altri partecipanti. Tale ricerca, anzitutto, verifica nel primo capitolo, la rilevanza che i rapporti orizzontali costituibili all'interno del nuovo contratto possono avere nel raggiungimento dei fini di politica economica perseguiti dalla norma: a tal fine si procede, dunque, sinteticamente all'analisi delle caratteristiche del sistema economico italiano, individuando i concetti economici e giuridici di “distretto” e “rete fattuale di imprese” ed evidenziando come gli stessi siano fondati su relazioni economiche recepibili in forma di rapporti orizzontali tra partecipanti al nuovo strumento contrattuale e si accerta che la potenzialità/effettività/volontariatetà di questi ultimi permette di tracciare il confine tra le stesse figure. La ricerca prosegue, poi, a verificare se la previsione di tali rapporti orizzontali tra i partecipanti - permettendo, al nuovo strumento contrattuale, di recepire a livello giuiridico la effettiva struttura economica delle modalità produttive a rete del nostro paese (distretti e reti fattuali d'impresa) - sia rilevante rispetto alla politica economica legislativa ed individua quali vantaggi ciò possa generare a livello di economie esterne alle singole imprese aderenti, ma interne alla rete stessa (in particolare rispetto alla finanziabilità delle imprese partecipanti alle reti). Appurato che, almeno in via teorica, la possibilità di costituire rapporti orizzontali tra partecipanti può essere utile nel perseguimento della finalità di politica economica, si procede a comprendere quanto tale previsione abbia comportato nella strutturazione giuridica del contratto. Nel secondo capitolo, riprendendo l'analisi delle attuali categorie contrattuali e considerata anche la loro evoluzione, si ricostruisce, da un punto di vista dogmatico-giuridico, il contratto di rete e, analizzando ed escludendo quelle teorie che attribuiscono allo stesso una natura “ibrida” ed una sua possibile riconducibilità ai contratti di scambio, si evidenziano tutte le motivazioni che portano a ritenerlo sempre e comunque un contratto associativo. Dato atto di ciò, ripercorrendo le caratteristiche di questa categoria contrattuale, nella ricerca si procede ad evidenziare le problematiche conseguenti all'applicazione delle norme di cui agli artt. 1420, 1446, 1459 e 1466 c.c., espressamente richiamate dal legislatore: tali norme, nate per disciplinare contratti che prevedono esclusivamente rapporti verticali tra l'ente e gli associati (caratterizzati, pertanto, esclusivamente da un “sinallagma per partecipazione”) appaiono non del tutto adeguate a regolare un contratto ove, in presenza di rapporti orizzontali, sussiste anche una sinallagmaticità “per corrispettività”, la quale rende necessaria una riconsiderazione dei criteri interpretativi delle suddette norme, che permetta di offrire adeguate tutele ad ogni interesse contrattuale. La terza parte analizza se, all'interno della categoria dei contratti associativi, la rete contrattuale sia un contratto del tutto nuovo ovvero se sia riconducibile a preesistenti figure e, nel caso, entro quali limiti: nel procedere a tale esame, tenendo conto che il dettato legislativo contiene un espresso riferimento ad alcune norme che disciplinano il fondo comune consortile, si verifica se sia giustificabile una riconduzione della rete contrattuale all'interno della generale tipologia consortile, evidenziando, peraltro, che i rapporti orizzontali permettono di qualificarla come nuova tipologia consortile, che offre strumenti ulteriori rispetto a quelle preesistenti e che la presenza di tali rapporti è di ostacolo alla possibilità che la rete possa assumere forme societarie. La conclusione del lavoro evidenzia che il legislatore, con l'introduzione del contratto di rete, ha introdotto una innovativa species associativa, riconducibile al genus consortile, consentendo, per la prima volta, che la strutturazione di un tale tipologia di contratto possa avvenire non solo attraverso gli abituali rapporti verticali, che obbligano i partecipanti nei confronti dell'ente, ma, pure, attraverso rapporti orizzontali, i quali concorrono, insieme con gli ordinari rapporti verticali, a rendere possibile, anche attraverso la combinazione delle attività dei partecipanti e lo scambio tra di essi sia di prestazioni sia di risorse, la realizzazione dell'attività volta al perseguimento dello scopo comune del contratto in questione.
Il contratto di rete e i rapporti orizzontali tra partecipanti
Benetti, Marcello
2013
Abstract
The Legislator, with the provision of paragraph 4-ter art. 3 of d.l. February 10, 2009, No 5, converted with some amendments by the law “April 9, 2009, No 33”, and replaced by. Art.42, paragraph 2-bis of the d.l. nr. 78 of May 31st 2010, has introduced a new figure of contract with the clear aim of promoting the development of the Country. The work, starting from an empirical survey of individual contracts actually concluded, intends to define under new legal and economic background the new instrument of the network contract between companies, establishing the possibility of establishing horizontal relations between participants, that the Legislator has expressly provided for in the common law, meaning such network as all the obbligations that are taken in order to realize the "joint network program”, by one or more of its members against and in favor of one or more other participants. This research, first of all, shows in the first chapter, the relevance that horizontal relations established within the new contract may have in achieving the goals of economic policy pursued by the law: to this end we proceed, therefore, in a brief analysis of the characteristics the Italian economic system, identifying the economic and legal concepts of "district" and "factual business network" and pointing out that the same are based on economic relations that can be represented in the form of horizontal relations between participants in the new contractual instrument. This research verifies that the potentiality/ effectiveness/volontariaty of the latter allows you to draw the line between the same figures. The research continues, then, to verify if the prediction of such horizontal relationships among the participants - allowing, to this new type of contract, to transpose in a giuridical way the actual economic structure of our country's production structure (business districts and de-facto networks of compaies) - is material in relation to legislative economical policy and identifies what benefits it may be generated in terms of external economies at the level of individual member company, but internal to the network itself (in particular with respect to the improved credit eligibility of the firms participating in networks). Having verified that, at least in theory, the possibility of establishing horizontal relations between participants can be helpful in pursuing the aim of economic policy, we proceed to understand how this provision has resulted in the legal structuring of the contract. In the second chapter, continuing the analysis of the current contract categories and considered also their evolution, is defined, from a legal-dogmatic point of view, the “network contract”, and analyzing and excluding those theories which attribute to it an “hybrid” nature and its possible link to exchange contracts, the research highlights all the reasons that lead us to conclude that it has always to be considered an associative contract. Because of this act, recapitulating the features of this contract category, the research proceeds to highlight the problems connected to application of Articles. 1420, 1446, 1459 and 1466 cc, expressly cited by the Legislator: such articles, created to regulate contracts involving only vertical relationships between the “entity” and the “associates” are not the entirely adequate to set a contract with horizontal relations, which requires a reconsideration of the criteria for interpretation of those rules, which allows to offer adequate protection to any contractual interest. The third part analyzes whether, within the category of associative contracts, the network contract is a new kind of contract or whether it is reconductable to existing contractual types and, if so, to what extent: in making such examination, taking into account that the legislation contains a specific reference to certain rules governing the mutual fund, it is verified if the network contract can be justified within the general type of consortium contract, emphasizing, however, that the horizontal relationship qualify it as a new type of consortium, which offers more than existing tools and that the presence of such relationships is an obstacle to the possibility that the network contract can assume societary forms. The conclusion of this paper stresses that the Legislator, with the introduction of the network contract, has introduced an innovative associative species, reconductable to that of a consortium, allowing, for the first time, that the structuring of such a type of contract can occur not only through the usual vertical relationships, which formally link the participants with the Entity, but also through horizontal relationships, which contribute, together with the ordinary vertical relationships, to make possible, through the combination of the activities of participants and the exchange between them of both performances or resources, the implementation of activities aimed at achieving the common purpose of the contract in questionFile | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Frontespizio.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/159231
URN:NBN:IT:UNICATT-159231