We investigate the possibility that economic fluctuations can be explained through the interaction of boundedly rational agents, that is, agents are not assumed to be rational. In deviating from rationality and modeling agents as boundedly rational, it is often assumed that agents are heterogeneous. Bounded rationality and learning in a complex environment naturally fit with heterogeneous expectations, with the economy viewed as complex evolving system composed of many different interacting agents, using different decision strategies. This thesis is built around three main economic frameworks, which are developed in separate chapters. In chapter 2 we study the housing market using a partial equilibrium model in which the rational expectations hypothesis is relaxed in favor of chartist-fundamentalist mechanism to allow for the endogenous development of bubbles. In chapter 3 we present evidence that evolutionary selection among different forecasting heterogeneous heuristics can explain coordination on individual behavior. In chapter 4 we consider a simple model made up by the standard aggregate demand function, the New Keynesian Phillips curve and a Taylor rule to deal with different issues, such as the stabilizing effect of different monetary policies in a system populated by heterogeneous agents.
In questo lavoro viene analizzata la possibilità che le fluttuazioni economiche possano essere descritte attraverso l'interazione di agenti a razionalità limitata. Accanto a questa ipotesi, si assume anche che gli agenti sono eterogenei. Questi due elementi si inseriscono all'interno del contesto economico che è visto come un sistema complesso in evoluzione popolato da agenti che interagiscono tra loro impiegando differenti strategie decisionali. Questa tesi si sviluppa su tre modelli di riferimento, sviluppati in capitoli separati. Nel primo si studia un mercato immobiliare utilizzando un modello di equilibrio parziale in cui l'ipotesi di aspettative razionali è sostituita da un meccanismo di interazione fra cartisti e fondamentalisti, che è in grado di generare endogenamente lo sviluppo di fasi di boom e bust. Nel secondo viene mostrato come la selezione evolutiva tra diverse strategie di previsione possa spiegare il coordinamento fra comportamenti individuali. Nel terzo si considera un semplice modello macroeconomico costituito da domanda aggregata, offerta aggregata e una regola di politica monetaria per analizzare aspetti quali l'effetto stabilizzante delle diverse politiche monetarie in un sistema popolato da agenti eterogenei.
BOUNDED RATIONALITY AND HETEROGENEOUS EXPECTATIONS IN ECONOMIC DYNAMICS
Pecora, Nicolo'
2013
Abstract
We investigate the possibility that economic fluctuations can be explained through the interaction of boundedly rational agents, that is, agents are not assumed to be rational. In deviating from rationality and modeling agents as boundedly rational, it is often assumed that agents are heterogeneous. Bounded rationality and learning in a complex environment naturally fit with heterogeneous expectations, with the economy viewed as complex evolving system composed of many different interacting agents, using different decision strategies. This thesis is built around three main economic frameworks, which are developed in separate chapters. In chapter 2 we study the housing market using a partial equilibrium model in which the rational expectations hypothesis is relaxed in favor of chartist-fundamentalist mechanism to allow for the endogenous development of bubbles. In chapter 3 we present evidence that evolutionary selection among different forecasting heterogeneous heuristics can explain coordination on individual behavior. In chapter 4 we consider a simple model made up by the standard aggregate demand function, the New Keynesian Phillips curve and a Taylor rule to deal with different issues, such as the stabilizing effect of different monetary policies in a system populated by heterogeneous agents.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/159916
URN:NBN:IT:UNICATT-159916