Enhancing pea cultivation would help reducing the European high-protein feedstuff deficit, while decreasing the environmental impact of the agricultural sector. Contextually, genomic selection (GS) potential to improve grain yield, protein content, and protein yield in north-central Italy was investigated relative to phenotypic selection (PS). A Genome-Wide Association Study was performed on breeding and germplasm material to investigate grain yield and protein content genetic architecture, and their genetic correlation and phenotypic correlation with protein yield were determined. Genetic and genotype × environment interaction variance components were estimated on breeding material. GS intra- and inter-population, inter-environment predictive ability (rAb) was assessed for breeding material, comparing the genetic gains with PS. GS models for grain yield and protein content were developed on a germplasm collection and validated on germplasm and breeding material. A polygenic control emerged for grain yield, resulting predominant in protein yield determination, and protein content, which were mostly non-significantly correlated. Yield traits displayed lower heritability and rAb than protein content, and greater difference between intra- and inter-population rAb, which varied strongly with the validation material. Intra-population GS outperformed PS, oppositely to inter-population GS, which retained an interest only for protein content and yield traits in specific materials.
L’aumento della coltivazione di pisello in Europa ridurrebbe il deficit di proteine vegetali e l’impatto ambientale agricolo. Abbiamo studiato il potenziale della selezione genomica (SG) per predire resa, contenuto proteico (CP) e resa proteica (RP) della granella nel nord-centro Italia rispetto alla selezione fenotipica (SF). Abbiamo fatto uno studio di associazione su popolazioni sperimentali (PS) ed una collezione di germoplasma (CG) per resa e CP, di cui abbiamo calcolato la correlazione genetica e quella fenotipica con la RP. Abbiamo stimato la varianza genetica e l’interazione genotipo x ambiente sulle PS. Abbiamo valutato la capacità predittiva (rAb) inter-ambiente intra- e inter-popolazione della SG sulle PS, confrontando i guadagni genetici con la SF. Abbiamo costruito modelli di SG per resa e CP sulla CG validati sulla CG e sulle PS. La resa, che ha mostrato un’influenza preponderante sulla RP, e il CP sono risultati poligenici e non correlati. Le rese hanno evidenziato una minor ereditabilità e rAb rispetto al CP e una maggiore differenza tra rAb intra- e inter-popolazione, fortemente variabile in base al materiale di validazione. La SG è risultata sempre più efficace della SF intra-popolazione, ma non inter-popolazione, mantenendo interesse solo per il CP e le rese in materiali specifici.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF GENOMIC SELECTION MODELS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF PEA GRAIN YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT IN ITALIAN ENVIRONMENTS
Crosta, Margherita
2024
Abstract
Enhancing pea cultivation would help reducing the European high-protein feedstuff deficit, while decreasing the environmental impact of the agricultural sector. Contextually, genomic selection (GS) potential to improve grain yield, protein content, and protein yield in north-central Italy was investigated relative to phenotypic selection (PS). A Genome-Wide Association Study was performed on breeding and germplasm material to investigate grain yield and protein content genetic architecture, and their genetic correlation and phenotypic correlation with protein yield were determined. Genetic and genotype × environment interaction variance components were estimated on breeding material. GS intra- and inter-population, inter-environment predictive ability (rAb) was assessed for breeding material, comparing the genetic gains with PS. GS models for grain yield and protein content were developed on a germplasm collection and validated on germplasm and breeding material. A polygenic control emerged for grain yield, resulting predominant in protein yield determination, and protein content, which were mostly non-significantly correlated. Yield traits displayed lower heritability and rAb than protein content, and greater difference between intra- and inter-population rAb, which varied strongly with the validation material. Intra-population GS outperformed PS, oppositely to inter-population GS, which retained an interest only for protein content and yield traits in specific materials.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/160322
URN:NBN:IT:UNICATT-160322