The present research is prompted by the insights offered in the early 2000s by Romanist doctrine on aequum iudicium and due process. It aims to corroborate and develop the idea that already in the procedural system of the quaestiones perpetuae of the late Republic one can find the roots of the modern principles of due process, set forth today in Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and summarized in the principle of presumption of innocence, égalité des armes and the thirdness of the adjudicating body. Beginning with an analysis of the basic points of Cicero's oration pro Cluentio, in which we find the theorization of the essential elements of aequum iudicium (Chapter I), we analyze the principle of presumption of innocence and its corollary in dubio pro reo in two of what are considered to be its procedural applications, namely the rule that in the event of an equality of votes against and in favor of the accused the latter would be acquitted and the rule of the unreliability of single testimony (Chapter II). Next, the principle of égalité des armes between accused and accuser is looked at, understood in the dual sense of fair balancing of the parties in their ability to influence the jury and in their ability to contend and argue, both at the pretrial and purely trial stages (Chapter III). A glance is then reserved for the principle of the judging body's thirdness, with particular regard to the procedural mechanism of the prior exclusion of judges linked to one of the parties, and the role attributed to the latter in the formation of the consilium iudicum, of which the oration pro Plancio represents a special insight (Chapter IV). Finally, we arrive at the civil judgment, where the principles elaborated in relation to the criminal trial are believed to be adapted there, and of which a practical exemplification is rendered, especially with regard to the oration pro Quinctio (Chapter V). What emerges overall is a procedural framework that is avant-garde from the standpoint of protecting the weaker party and consonant with the modern view of the right to a fair trial.
La presente ricerca è sollecitata dagli spunti che nei primi anni duemila sono stati offerti dalla dottrina romanistica in materia di aequum iudicium e giusto processo. Mira a corroborare e sviluppare l’idea che già nel sistema processuale delle quaestiones perpetuae di fine Repubblica si possano riscontrare i butti semiologici dei principi moderni del giusto processo, esposti oggi nell’art. 6 della Convenzione Europea dei Diritto dell’Uomo, e sintetizzabili nel principio di presunzione di innocenza, di égalité des armes e di terzietà dell’organo giudicante. Partendo dall’analisi dei punti fondamentali dell’orazione pro Cluentio di Cicerone, nella quale si rinviene la teorizzazione degli elementi essenziali dell’aequum iudicium (capitolo I), si analizza il principio di presunzione di innocenza e il suo corollario in dubio pro reo in due di quelle che si ritengono essere sue applicazioni procedurali, ovvero la regola per cui in caso di parità di voti contro e a favore dell’accusato quest’ultimo sarebbe stato assolto e la regola della inattendibilità della testimonianza unica (capitolo II). Successivamente si guarda al principio di égalité des armes fra accusato e accusatore, inteso nel duplice senso di equo bilanciamento delle parti nella possibilità di influenzare la giuria e nella capacità di contendere e argomentare, sia nella fase preprocessuale che in quella puramente dibattimentale (capitolo III). Viene poi riservato uno sguardo al principio di terzietà dell’organo giudicante, con particolare riguardo al meccanismo processuale dell’esclusione preventiva dei giudici legati ad una delle parti, e al ruolo attribuito a quest’ultime nella formazione del consilium iudicum, di cui l’orazione pro Plancio rappresenta uno speciale approfondimento (capitolo IV). Infine, si approda al giudizio civile, dove i principi elaborati in rapporto al processo criminale si ritiene vengano ivi adattati, e dei quali si rende una esemplificazione pratica, soprattutto con riguardo all’orazione pro Quinctio (capitolo V). Emerge complessivamente un quadro processuale avanguardistico dal punto di vista della tutela della parte debole e consono alla visuale moderna del diritto ad un processo equo.
Giudizio iniquo: caratteristiche e rimedi
HONL, IRENE
2024
Abstract
The present research is prompted by the insights offered in the early 2000s by Romanist doctrine on aequum iudicium and due process. It aims to corroborate and develop the idea that already in the procedural system of the quaestiones perpetuae of the late Republic one can find the roots of the modern principles of due process, set forth today in Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and summarized in the principle of presumption of innocence, égalité des armes and the thirdness of the adjudicating body. Beginning with an analysis of the basic points of Cicero's oration pro Cluentio, in which we find the theorization of the essential elements of aequum iudicium (Chapter I), we analyze the principle of presumption of innocence and its corollary in dubio pro reo in two of what are considered to be its procedural applications, namely the rule that in the event of an equality of votes against and in favor of the accused the latter would be acquitted and the rule of the unreliability of single testimony (Chapter II). Next, the principle of égalité des armes between accused and accuser is looked at, understood in the dual sense of fair balancing of the parties in their ability to influence the jury and in their ability to contend and argue, both at the pretrial and purely trial stages (Chapter III). A glance is then reserved for the principle of the judging body's thirdness, with particular regard to the procedural mechanism of the prior exclusion of judges linked to one of the parties, and the role attributed to the latter in the formation of the consilium iudicum, of which the oration pro Plancio represents a special insight (Chapter IV). Finally, we arrive at the civil judgment, where the principles elaborated in relation to the criminal trial are believed to be adapted there, and of which a practical exemplification is rendered, especially with regard to the oration pro Quinctio (Chapter V). What emerges overall is a procedural framework that is avant-garde from the standpoint of protecting the weaker party and consonant with the modern view of the right to a fair trial.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/164725
URN:NBN:IT:UNIUD-164725