The main purpose of thesis is to analyse the quality of life expressed by adolescents during the health emergency period in terms of perceived self-efficacy in life skills, psychological well-being, resilience and coping strategies. Analyzing the literature , it emerged that some researchers have mainly focused on the most negative psychological aspects arising from the current pandemic. In detail, few studies have highlighted the importance to analyse the psychological variables that allow adolescents to achieve an optimal development, even in the presence of difficulties or unexpected and paranormative events. For this reason, it has been decided to analyse the quality of life expressed by adolescents according to the Positive Psychology Approach, structuring the thesis in two sections : the first part consists of two chapters providing the description of the psychological topics; the second is referred to the description of three studies carried out in the Sicilian schools, with the aim to analyse the quality of life of Sicilian adolescents during the pandemic by Covid 19 and following the end of the restrictions imposed by the government to limit the spread of the disease. With reference to the theoretical section , the Life Skills and Positive Psychology ’s Approach have been dealt with , describing the main characteristics and repercussions within the school context; in the second chapter, the most psychological topics related to Life Skills have been described (well-being, resilience and coping strategies).In relation to the empirical section, the first and second studies have been focused on the analysis of the quality of life expressed by adolescents in terms of perceived self-efficacy in life skills, psychological well-being, resilience and coping strategies during the health emergency period; the third study has been carried out following the end of the health emergency. For data collection, three anonymous questionnaires have been created, administered online, and containing specific measures for the analysis of psychological variables covered by this thesis. Data analysis show ed the presence of significant correlations between the chosen topics: in all three studies, positive correlations have emerged between thehigh perception of self-efficacy in life skills and the presence of high levels of well-being, resilience and use of functional coping strategies. Regarding the role of perceived self-efficacy in life skills on the psychological correlates, results were found to overlap between the first and second study: high perception of self-efficacy in life skills leads to a great perception of psychological well-being, resilience and the use of adaptive coping strategies. In addition, in the third study, the role that the main coping strategies play on resilience, life satisfaction and perceived self-efficacy in life skills emerged. Compared to gender and age differences, only studies 1 and 2 showed significant differences in the dimensions characterizing perceived self-efficacy in life skills, psychological well-being, resilience and coping strategies. In the light of the three studies, the protective role of the psychological variables analysed in improving the quality of life of adolescents during the period of health emergency is highlighted. Future research will be designed with the aim of deepening the theme dealt with from a lifespan trajectory perspective in order to deep the development of life skills from childhood to adulthood.
L’obiettivo generale dell’elaborato verte sull’analisi della qualità di vita espressa dagli adolescenti durante il periodo dell’emergenza sanitaria, nei termini dell’autoefficacia percepita nelle life skills, del benessere psicologico, della resilienza e delle principali strategie di coping utilizzate per fronteggiare le possibili criticità. Dall’analisi della letteratura, emerge come gli studiosi abbiano principalmente rivolto l’attenzione agli aspetti psicologici più negativi derivanti dall’attuale pandemia. Pochi studi hanno, infatti, evidenziato l’importanza di analizzare le variabili di natura psicologica che permettano agli adolescenti di raggiungere uno sviluppo ottimale, anche in presenza di difficoltà o eventi inaspettati e paranormativi. Si è scelto di analizzare la qualità di vita espressa dagli adolescenti secondo l’approccio della Psicologia Positiva, strutturando l’elaborato in due parti: la prima, prettamente teorica, costituita da due macro-capitoli che forniscono la descrizione dei costrutti psicologici alla base della tematica trattata; la seconda, di natura empirica, propone la descrizione di tre studi condotti all’interno del contesto scolastico siciliano, aventi l’obiettivo di analizzare la qualità di vita degli adolescenti siciliani durante la pandemia da Covid-19 e a seguito della fine delle restrizioni imposte dal governo per limitare la diffusione della malattia. Con riferimento alla parte teorica, nel primo capitolo è stato trattato il tema delle Life Skills all’interno della Psicologia Positiva, descrivendone le principali caratteristiche e ripercussioni all’interno del contesto scolastico; nel secondo capitolo, sono stati descritti i più noti costrutti psicologici correlati alle Life Skills (benessere, resilienza e strategie di coping). In relazione alla parte empirica, il primo e il secondo studio vertono sull’analisi della qualità di vita espressa dagli adolescenti nei termini di autoefficacia percepita nelle life skills, benessere psicologico, resilienza e strategie di coping durante il periodo di emergenza sanitaria; il terzo studio è stato realizzato a seguito della fine dell’emergenza sanitaria. Per la raccolta dei dati, sono stati creati tre questionari anonimi, somministrati on line, e contenenti misure specifiche per l’analisi delle variabili psicologiche oggetto del presente elaborato. L’analisi dei dati evidenzia la presenza di correlazioni significative tra i costrutti presi in esame: in tutti e tre gli studi, infatti, sono emerse correlazioni di segno positivo tra l’elevata percezione di efficacia nelle life skills e la presenza di alti livelli di benessere, di resilienza ed un maggiore uso di strategie di coping funzionali. In merito al ruolo esercitato dall’autoefficacia percepita nelle life skills sui rispettivi correlati psicologici, sono emersi risultati sovrapponibili tra il primo e il secondo studio: un’elevata percezione di autoefficacia nelle life skills determina una maggiore percezione di benessere psicologico, di resilienza e l’uso di strategie di coping adattive. In aggiunta, nel terzo studio, è emerso il ruolo che le principali strategie di coping svolgono sulla resilienza, sulla soddisfazione di vita e sull’autoefficacia percepita nelle life skills. Rispetto alle differenze legate al genere e all’età, solo per quanto concerne gli studi 1 e 2, sono emerse differenze significative nelle dimensioni caratterizzanti l’autoefficacia percepita nelle life skills, il benessere psicologico, la resilienza e le strategie di coping. Alla luce degli studi condotti si evidenzia il possibile ruolo “protettivo” delle variabili psicologiche analizzate nel migliorare la qualità di vita degli adolescenti durante il periodo di emergenza sanitaria. Ricerche future saranno progettate con l’obiettivo di approfondire la tematica trattata in un’ottica di lifespan trajectory al fine di approfondire lo sviluppo delle life skills dall’infanzia fino all’età adulta.
La qualità di vita degli adolescenti: life skills e correlati psicologici
INDIANA, MARIA LUISA
2024
Abstract
The main purpose of thesis is to analyse the quality of life expressed by adolescents during the health emergency period in terms of perceived self-efficacy in life skills, psychological well-being, resilience and coping strategies. Analyzing the literature , it emerged that some researchers have mainly focused on the most negative psychological aspects arising from the current pandemic. In detail, few studies have highlighted the importance to analyse the psychological variables that allow adolescents to achieve an optimal development, even in the presence of difficulties or unexpected and paranormative events. For this reason, it has been decided to analyse the quality of life expressed by adolescents according to the Positive Psychology Approach, structuring the thesis in two sections : the first part consists of two chapters providing the description of the psychological topics; the second is referred to the description of three studies carried out in the Sicilian schools, with the aim to analyse the quality of life of Sicilian adolescents during the pandemic by Covid 19 and following the end of the restrictions imposed by the government to limit the spread of the disease. With reference to the theoretical section , the Life Skills and Positive Psychology ’s Approach have been dealt with , describing the main characteristics and repercussions within the school context; in the second chapter, the most psychological topics related to Life Skills have been described (well-being, resilience and coping strategies).In relation to the empirical section, the first and second studies have been focused on the analysis of the quality of life expressed by adolescents in terms of perceived self-efficacy in life skills, psychological well-being, resilience and coping strategies during the health emergency period; the third study has been carried out following the end of the health emergency. For data collection, three anonymous questionnaires have been created, administered online, and containing specific measures for the analysis of psychological variables covered by this thesis. Data analysis show ed the presence of significant correlations between the chosen topics: in all three studies, positive correlations have emerged between thehigh perception of self-efficacy in life skills and the presence of high levels of well-being, resilience and use of functional coping strategies. Regarding the role of perceived self-efficacy in life skills on the psychological correlates, results were found to overlap between the first and second study: high perception of self-efficacy in life skills leads to a great perception of psychological well-being, resilience and the use of adaptive coping strategies. In addition, in the third study, the role that the main coping strategies play on resilience, life satisfaction and perceived self-efficacy in life skills emerged. Compared to gender and age differences, only studies 1 and 2 showed significant differences in the dimensions characterizing perceived self-efficacy in life skills, psychological well-being, resilience and coping strategies. In the light of the three studies, the protective role of the psychological variables analysed in improving the quality of life of adolescents during the period of health emergency is highlighted. Future research will be designed with the aim of deepening the theme dealt with from a lifespan trajectory perspective in order to deep the development of life skills from childhood to adulthood.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/165607
URN:NBN:IT:UNICT-165607