The increasing interest in edible insects as a sustainable protein source is driven by factors such as global population growth, rising costs of traditional animal protein, and a preference for minimally processed foods. However, concerns about the safety of insect-derived products necessitate a thorough investigation. This doctoral dissertation explores the behavior of foodborne pathogens, specifically their interactions within the digestive systems of insects, an area that requires in-depth understanding. Microbiological challenge tests were employed to assess the behavior of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) within wheat middlings, a common rearing substrate for Tenebrio molitor (T. molitor) larvae. Combining microbiological viable counts and metataxonomic analysis, the study uncovered complex interactions between environmental factors, microbial communities, and the insect host. The research revealed a potential impact of environmental conditions on microbial survival, with observed reductions in microbial load in both frass and organic wheat middlings. Discrepancies between viable counts and metataxonomic analysis suggested the existence of a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, contributing to the underestimation of microbial populations. Noteworthy findings related to larvae indicated low pathogen loads despite favorable conditions for microbial growth in their gut. Transgenerational immune priming and humoral immune responses emerged as factors contributing to larvae resilience. Cooccurrence patterns between inoculated pathogens and resident microbiota suggested intricate ecological relationships, with specific bacterial species influencing pathogen levels. In conclusion, both E. coli and S. aureus exhibited limited persistence under applied conditions, with the rearing substrate and larval environment proving inhospitable for their survival. The dissertation underscores the importance of considering both culture-dependent and molecular techniques in microbial ecology studies. The observed interactions between pathogens, insects, and their environment contribute valuable insights into the safety and potential applications of insect-based food products.
L'interesse crescente per gli insetti come fonte sostenibile di proteine è guidato da fattori come la crescita della popolazione globale, l'aumento dei costi delle proteine animali tradizionali e la preferenza per alimenti minimamente processati. Tuttavia, le preoccupazioni sulla sicurezza dei prodotti derivati dagli insetti richiedono un'approfondita indagine. Questa tesi di dottorato ha come scopo quello di studiare il comportamento dei patogeni alimentari, in particolare le loro interazioni all'interno dei sistemi digestivi degli insetti, un'area che richiede una comprensione approfondita. Sono stati utilizzati test di sfida microbiologica per valutare il comportamento di Escherichia coli (E. coli) e Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) all'interno di farinaccio, un comune substrato di allevamento per le larve di Tenebrio molitor (T. molitor). Combinando le conte microbiologiche vitali e le analisi metatassonomiche, tale studio ha rivelato interazioni complesse tra fattori ambientali, comunità microbiche e l'ospite stesso. La ricerca ha rivelato un potenziale impatto delle condizioni ambientali sulla sopravvivenza microbica, con riduzioni osservate del carico microbico sia nel farinaccio sia nel frass (miscuglio di farinaccio e escrementi). Discrepanze tra i conteggi vitali e l'analisi metatassonomiche hanno suggerito l'esistenza di uno stato vitale ma non coltivabile (VBNC), contribuendo alla sottovalutazione delle popolazioni microbiche. Risultati significativi legati alle larve indicavano basse cariche patogene nonostante condizioni favorevoli alla crescita microbica nel loro intestino. L'addestramento immunitario transgenerazionale e le risposte immunitarie umorali sono emerse come fattori che contribuiscono alla resilienza delle larve. I modelli di co-occorrenza tra patogeni inoculati e microbiota residente hanno suggerito intricate relazioni ecologiche, con specifiche specie batteriche che influenzano la crescita dei patogeni. In conclusione, sia E. coli che S. aureus hanno mostrato una persistenza limitata nelle condizioni applicate, con il substrato di allevamento e l'ambiente larvale che si sono dimostrati inospitali per la loro sopravvivenza. La tesi sottolinea l'importanza di considerare sia tecniche coltura dipendenti che tecniche coltura indipendenti negli studi di ecologia microbica. Le interazioni osservate tra patogeni, insetti e il loro ambiente forniscono preziose informazioni sulla sicurezza e sulle potenziali applicazioni dei prodotti alimentari a base di insetti.
Edible insects and food safety: old challenges for Novel Food
CESARO, CRISTIANA
2024
Abstract
The increasing interest in edible insects as a sustainable protein source is driven by factors such as global population growth, rising costs of traditional animal protein, and a preference for minimally processed foods. However, concerns about the safety of insect-derived products necessitate a thorough investigation. This doctoral dissertation explores the behavior of foodborne pathogens, specifically their interactions within the digestive systems of insects, an area that requires in-depth understanding. Microbiological challenge tests were employed to assess the behavior of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) within wheat middlings, a common rearing substrate for Tenebrio molitor (T. molitor) larvae. Combining microbiological viable counts and metataxonomic analysis, the study uncovered complex interactions between environmental factors, microbial communities, and the insect host. The research revealed a potential impact of environmental conditions on microbial survival, with observed reductions in microbial load in both frass and organic wheat middlings. Discrepancies between viable counts and metataxonomic analysis suggested the existence of a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, contributing to the underestimation of microbial populations. Noteworthy findings related to larvae indicated low pathogen loads despite favorable conditions for microbial growth in their gut. Transgenerational immune priming and humoral immune responses emerged as factors contributing to larvae resilience. Cooccurrence patterns between inoculated pathogens and resident microbiota suggested intricate ecological relationships, with specific bacterial species influencing pathogen levels. In conclusion, both E. coli and S. aureus exhibited limited persistence under applied conditions, with the rearing substrate and larval environment proving inhospitable for their survival. The dissertation underscores the importance of considering both culture-dependent and molecular techniques in microbial ecology studies. The observed interactions between pathogens, insects, and their environment contribute valuable insights into the safety and potential applications of insect-based food products. File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/165885
URN:NBN:IT:UNIVPM-165885