This dissertation is made of three essays. Chapter 1 provides a literature review on the relation between unemployment and health using meta-analytic techniques. We focused on studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 1990 and 2021. We found that unemployment exerts a negative effect on health but this effect is quantitatively small. The effect size heterogeneity analysis revealed is more important for psychological domains of health and that displaced workers suffer greater penalties compared to other household’s members. Chapter 2 investigates the intergenerational effects of parental unemployment on children's health later in life. We used data from German Socio-Economic Panel data between 2002 and 2018. We used plant closures as an exogenous variation of the individual labor market condition of the parents to assess the causal effect on children’s health. We found that parental unemployment exerts a negative effect on children’s physical health later in life. The effect is stronger if parental unemployment occurred during the early childhood. The negative effect on physical health may be explained by a higher alcohol and tobacco consumption later in life. Chapter 3 examines the effect of criminal victimization on individual health and labor market outcomes. We used mass shootings as criminal events, a form of large scale and unpredictable violent events. We used data from Panel Study of Income Dynamics between 1999 and 2019. We compared changes in the outcome variable(s) of individuals living in affected cities with changes in the outcome variable(s) of matched individuals living in non proximal cities. We found that mass shootings exert mixed effects on exposed individuals. On the one hand, we found a nil effect on labor market outcomes. On the other hand, we detected a negative effect for the mental health that remains even after 8 years from the incident.
Questa tesi è composta da tre saggi. Il capitolo 1 presenta una review della letteratura sulla relazione tra disoccupazione e salute per mezzo di tecniche meta-analitiche. Esso si focalizza su studi pubblicati in riviste peer-reviewed tra il 1990 ed il 2021. I risultati mostrano che la disoccupazione ha un effetto negativo sulla salute degli individui ma che tale effetto è quantitativamente piccolo. L’analisi di eterogeneità mostra che l’effetto della disoccupazione è più rilevante per la sfera psicologica e che coloro che hanno sperimentato la disoccupazione in prima persona riportano una riduzione di benessere maggiore rispetto agli altri componenti del nucleo familiare. Il capitolo 2 presenta uno studio dell’effetto della disoccupazione sulla salute in ottica intergenerazionale. Esso usa i dati del GSOEP nel periodo 2002-2018. Ai fini della stima causale, viene sfruttata l’informazione sulla chiusura di impianti come shock esogeno della condizione di lavoro del genitore. I risultati mostrano un effetto negativo della disoccupazione genitoriale sulla salute fisica dei figli. Questo effetto è più forte se l’episodio di disoccupazione è avvenuto durante la prima infanzia e può essere spiegato da un maggior consumo di alcol e tabacco dei figli da adulti. Il capitolo 3 studia gli effetti della vittimizzazione criminale sulla salute ed il lavoro delle persone. Come tipo di evento criminale vengono utilizzati i mass shootings in quanto eventi violenti su larga scala altamente imprevedibili. Esso usa i dati del PSID nel periodo 1999-2019. Si confrontano gli outcomes di individui che vivono in città colpite da una sparatoria con gli outcomes di individui matchati che vivono in altre città non prossimali. I risultati mostrano che le sparatorie esercitano effetti misti sugli individui. Si rileva un effetto nullo sugli outcomes di lavoro degli individui esposti mentre si rileva un effetto negativo sulla salute mentale che rimane significativo anche dopo 8 anni dall’evento.
Three essays on the economics of crime, unemployment and health
UBALDI, MICHELE
2024
Abstract
This dissertation is made of three essays. Chapter 1 provides a literature review on the relation between unemployment and health using meta-analytic techniques. We focused on studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 1990 and 2021. We found that unemployment exerts a negative effect on health but this effect is quantitatively small. The effect size heterogeneity analysis revealed is more important for psychological domains of health and that displaced workers suffer greater penalties compared to other household’s members. Chapter 2 investigates the intergenerational effects of parental unemployment on children's health later in life. We used data from German Socio-Economic Panel data between 2002 and 2018. We used plant closures as an exogenous variation of the individual labor market condition of the parents to assess the causal effect on children’s health. We found that parental unemployment exerts a negative effect on children’s physical health later in life. The effect is stronger if parental unemployment occurred during the early childhood. The negative effect on physical health may be explained by a higher alcohol and tobacco consumption later in life. Chapter 3 examines the effect of criminal victimization on individual health and labor market outcomes. We used mass shootings as criminal events, a form of large scale and unpredictable violent events. We used data from Panel Study of Income Dynamics between 1999 and 2019. We compared changes in the outcome variable(s) of individuals living in affected cities with changes in the outcome variable(s) of matched individuals living in non proximal cities. We found that mass shootings exert mixed effects on exposed individuals. On the one hand, we found a nil effect on labor market outcomes. On the other hand, we detected a negative effect for the mental health that remains even after 8 years from the incident.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/165895
URN:NBN:IT:UNIVPM-165895