The present research work is focused on the study of the evolution of "indigenous communitarianism" (this is what is called the heritage of indigenous traditions that includes both their forms of collective land ownership and their political-administrative organization) from the precolonial era until the enactment of the law of desamoritización and the effects of its discussed articles 8 and 25, and since the constitutionalization of the latter. In order to understand the extent of the changes that occurred in indigenous society after the encounter with European culture, and to illustrate the forms of access to land of Mexican indigenous communities, the land regime within the Aztec Empire was studied, outlining an initial definition of indigenous communitarianism, coinciding essentially with the basic organizational form of said population: the calpulli. We then analyzed the fate of indigenous communities during the colonial era and the emergence of the hybrid concept of "comunidad", understood as an indigenous organizational form based on the community organization of work and land sharing, in accordance, however, with Indian law. After defining the concept of indigenous communidad, we have studied what has been called its "end", that is the enactment of the law of desamortización of civil and ecclesiastical corporations and its effects on indigenous communities, showing that despite the marked and explicit hostility of the State towards the forms of community organization, indigenous people managed to escape the application of laws aimed at their extinction both through armed rebellions and through the use of state law. Specifically, through the use of amparo recourse. Specifically, through the use of the amparo recourse that became the yardstick by which to measure the tenacity and commitment of indigenous communities to continue to exist, despite being legally abolished.
Il presente lavoro di ricerca è concentrato sullo studio dell’evoluzione del “comunitarismo indigeno” (così è chiamato il patrimonio delle tradizioni indigene che comprende sia le loro forme di proprietà collettiva della terra, sia la loro organizzazione politico-amministrativa) dall'epoca precoloniale fino all’emanazione della legge di desamoritización e gli effetti dei suoi discussi articoli 8 e 25, e dalla costituzionalizzazione di quest’ultimo. Per comprendere la portata dei cambiamenti avvenuti nella società indigena dopo l’incontro con la cultura europea, e illustrare le forme di accesso alla terra delle comunità indigene messicane, si è studiato il regime della terra all’interno dell’Impero Azteca, delineando una prima definizione di comunitarismo indigeno, coincidente essenzialmente con la forma organizzativa di base di detta popolazione: il calpulli. Si è analizzato in seguito, il destino delle comunità indigene durante l'epoca coloniale e la nascita del concetto ibrido di "comunidad", intesa come forma organizzativa indigena basata sull'organizzazione comunitaria del lavoro e del ripartimento della terra, in accordo, però, con il diritto indiano. Definito il concetto di comunidad indigena, si è giunti a studiare quella che è stata definita la sua "fine" e cioè l'emanazione della legge di desamortización delle corporazioni civili ed ecclesiastiche e i suoi effetti sulle comunità indigene, arrivando a dimostrare che nonostante la marcata e esplicita ostilità dello Stato verso le forme di organizzazione comunitaria, le popolazioni indigene riuscirono a sfuggire all'applicazione delle leggi che miravano alla loro estinzione sia attraverso ribellioni armate, sia attraverso l'uso del diritto statale. In specifico, attraverso l'uso del ricorso di amparo. In specifico, attraverso l'uso del ricorso di amparo che divenne il metro con il quale misurare la tenacia e l'impegno delle comunità indigene a continuare a esistere, nonostante legalmente abolite.
TERRA E COMUNITÀ INDIGENE IN MESSICO DALL’ETÀ PRE-CORTESIANA ALLA LEGGE SULL’ALIENAZIONE COATTIVA DEI FONDI DELLE CORPORAZIONI (1856)
ILLESCAS MOGROVEJO, BETSABÉ XIMENA
2023
Abstract
The present research work is focused on the study of the evolution of "indigenous communitarianism" (this is what is called the heritage of indigenous traditions that includes both their forms of collective land ownership and their political-administrative organization) from the precolonial era until the enactment of the law of desamoritización and the effects of its discussed articles 8 and 25, and since the constitutionalization of the latter. In order to understand the extent of the changes that occurred in indigenous society after the encounter with European culture, and to illustrate the forms of access to land of Mexican indigenous communities, the land regime within the Aztec Empire was studied, outlining an initial definition of indigenous communitarianism, coinciding essentially with the basic organizational form of said population: the calpulli. We then analyzed the fate of indigenous communities during the colonial era and the emergence of the hybrid concept of "comunidad", understood as an indigenous organizational form based on the community organization of work and land sharing, in accordance, however, with Indian law. After defining the concept of indigenous communidad, we have studied what has been called its "end", that is the enactment of the law of desamortización of civil and ecclesiastical corporations and its effects on indigenous communities, showing that despite the marked and explicit hostility of the State towards the forms of community organization, indigenous people managed to escape the application of laws aimed at their extinction both through armed rebellions and through the use of state law. Specifically, through the use of amparo recourse. Specifically, through the use of the amparo recourse that became the yardstick by which to measure the tenacity and commitment of indigenous communities to continue to exist, despite being legally abolished.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/170793
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMIB-170793