Economic, social and cultural transformations of these times have produced ambivalent results while giving rise to a newfound and widespread form of distress where economic, social and relational fragility and urban suffering intertwine (Saraceno, 2010): this grey area of distress (Iori and Rampazi, 2008; Tramma, 2015) does not exceed standard thresholds of overt malaise that would place it within the traditional boundaries regarding severe marginality and exclusion – areas often touched upon by educational services and policies. The elements that contributed to the spread of social vulnerability (Ranci, 2002) – including the precariousness of living and working conditions, the weakening of the systems in place offering social protection and the erosion of the social fabric – have played a role in altering some traits of contemporary poverty: the concept of new poverty aims to account for new elements of a population dealing with uncertain borders, grey poverty (Dovis and Saraceno, 2011), meaning that those who were not previously considered at risk of poverty are now implicated: a risk related to events increasingly frequent and increasingly linked to those paths of life seen as “normal”. The pedagogical research on the educational implications of impoverishment processes focuses, through biographical methods (Merril & West, 2012), on the life stories and educational biographies of fifteen men and women who have recently become impoverished. The theoretical framework concerning social pedagogy (Tramma, 2010) has directed the exploration of these biographical trajectories in and around both formal and informal educational dimensions: these contribute to falling into fragile situations, but also preventing and/or reducing their eventual impact. The pedagogical analysis focuses on the vulnerability areas around which life’s critical aspects are concentrated, and on the representations and meanings through which impoverished people live and rework their own story and condition, highlighting the key role of a contemporary educational climate. Such an educational climate promotes increasingly individualised and notably hyper-responsible representations of one’s own life and impoverishment, while at the same time hindering the critical understanding of one’s life path, losing focus on the dynamics of the present – something indispensable to promote with the subjects changes for the improvement of individual and collective living conditions. The transformative tension (Baldacci, 2001) as part of this pedagogical research aims to contribute to the pedagogical reflection on new poverty in order to identify theoretical and methodological orientations for educational actions able to promote fresh paths for subjects, both in terms of preventive interventions with people at risk of poverty, and in terms of paths out of poverty.
Gli ambivalenti esiti delle trasformazioni economiche, sociali, culturali della contemporaneità hanno dato vita a un’area in cui si incrociano i lembi di differenti forme di fragilità, economica, sociale, relazionale, e di sofferenza urbana (Saraceno, 2010): una zona grigia di disagio diffuso (Iori e Rampazi, 2008; Tramma, 2015) che non supera quelle soglie di malessere conclamato che la collocherebbero nell’area della grave emarginazione, oggetto di attenzione dei servizi e delle politiche educative. I processi che hanno contribuito al diffondersi di vulnerabilità sociale (Ranci, 2002) hanno modificato anche alcuni tratti della condizione di povertà contemporanea: di questi elementi di novità mira a rendere conto il concetto di nuove povertà, una fascia dai confini incerti, di povertà grigie (Dovis e Saraceno, 2011), esito dell’ampliamento del rischio di impoverimento a fasce di popolazione prima considerate protette: un rischio connesso a eventi sempre meno eccezionali e sempre più legati ai “normali” corsi di vita. La ricerca pedagogica intorno alle implicazioni educative dei processi di impoverimento si è focalizzata, attraverso metodi biografici (Merril & West, 2012), sulle storie di vita e di formazione di quindici uomini e donne coinvolti da recenti processi di impoverimento. La cornice teorica della pedagogia sociale (Tramma, 2010) ha indirizzato l’esplorazione di queste traiettorie biografiche intorno alle dimensioni educative, formali e informali, che contribuiscono a definire lo scivolamento in situazioni di fragilità e/o a prevenirlo e attutirlo; l’analisi pedagogica si è concentrata sulle dimensioni di vulnerabilità intorno a cui si articolano le criticità dei percorsi di vita e sulle modalità, i significati, le rappresentazioni tramite cui i soggetti attraversano e rielaborano la propria storia e la propria condizione, facendo emergere il ruolo di un clima educativo diffuso che, contribuendo a letture sempre più individualizzate e iper-responsabilizzanti della propria vita e della condizione di impoverimento, ostacola la comprensione critica dei propri percorsi di vita e delle dinamiche del presente, fattore indispensabile perché si aprano per i soggetti possibilità di cambiamento e di azione verso il miglioramento delle condizioni di vita, individuali e collettive. La tensione trasformativa (Baldacci, 2001) della ricerca pedagogica qui presentata concerne la possibilità di contribuire alla riflessione pedagogica sulle nuove povertà, in vista di individuare orientamenti teorici e metodologici per un’intenzionalità educativa capace di promuovere percorsi di uscita dalla povertà e di intervenire in termini preventivi nelle situazioni a rischio di scivolamento.
Nella zona grigia delle nuove povertà. Una ricerca pedagogica sulle storie di formazione nei processi di impoverimento
POZZO, MATILDE MAIA
2020
Abstract
Economic, social and cultural transformations of these times have produced ambivalent results while giving rise to a newfound and widespread form of distress where economic, social and relational fragility and urban suffering intertwine (Saraceno, 2010): this grey area of distress (Iori and Rampazi, 2008; Tramma, 2015) does not exceed standard thresholds of overt malaise that would place it within the traditional boundaries regarding severe marginality and exclusion – areas often touched upon by educational services and policies. The elements that contributed to the spread of social vulnerability (Ranci, 2002) – including the precariousness of living and working conditions, the weakening of the systems in place offering social protection and the erosion of the social fabric – have played a role in altering some traits of contemporary poverty: the concept of new poverty aims to account for new elements of a population dealing with uncertain borders, grey poverty (Dovis and Saraceno, 2011), meaning that those who were not previously considered at risk of poverty are now implicated: a risk related to events increasingly frequent and increasingly linked to those paths of life seen as “normal”. The pedagogical research on the educational implications of impoverishment processes focuses, through biographical methods (Merril & West, 2012), on the life stories and educational biographies of fifteen men and women who have recently become impoverished. The theoretical framework concerning social pedagogy (Tramma, 2010) has directed the exploration of these biographical trajectories in and around both formal and informal educational dimensions: these contribute to falling into fragile situations, but also preventing and/or reducing their eventual impact. The pedagogical analysis focuses on the vulnerability areas around which life’s critical aspects are concentrated, and on the representations and meanings through which impoverished people live and rework their own story and condition, highlighting the key role of a contemporary educational climate. Such an educational climate promotes increasingly individualised and notably hyper-responsible representations of one’s own life and impoverishment, while at the same time hindering the critical understanding of one’s life path, losing focus on the dynamics of the present – something indispensable to promote with the subjects changes for the improvement of individual and collective living conditions. The transformative tension (Baldacci, 2001) as part of this pedagogical research aims to contribute to the pedagogical reflection on new poverty in order to identify theoretical and methodological orientations for educational actions able to promote fresh paths for subjects, both in terms of preventive interventions with people at risk of poverty, and in terms of paths out of poverty.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/172044
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMIB-172044