In the last 25 years, the literature has been figuring out how to answer the question, however outlined, on the independent effect that surrounding contexts, together with social contexts, have on individual health. There is no study that has been devoted to studying the link between places and health for the whole Italian territory. The present research wants to demonstrate the existence of the association between daily-living contexts and individual health in Italy. This work is a preliminary exploration of the phenomenon since no information is available for Italy yet. ITA.LI survey collected data from 8,778 subjects belonging to 4,900 families living in 278 municipalities. Individual physical and mental health, measured through the SF-12, is the outcome considered in this study. Essentially, two dependent variables are analysed: one is the Physical Component Summary Scale Score (PCS), and the other one is the Mental Component Summary Scale Score (MCS). In studying the context, reference is made to both subjective measures (social cohesion and neighborhood disorder) and objective measures, both compositional (census data) and contextual (meteorological conditions). Moreover, together with individual characteristics, household-level deprivation is considered. Multilevel analysis is implemented considering a three-level structure in which individuals are nested in families, which are nested in neighbourhoods. Four models are estimated: first a null model, second a random-intercepts model, third a random-slopes model, and finally a cross-level contextual model. Evidence suggests the existence of neighbourhood effects in Italy, especially on mental health conditions. Compositional characteristics such as unemployment and the proportion of rented houses affect individual physical health, while contextual characteristics affect mental health. The subjective perception of social cohesion is essential only to mental health, while neighborhood disorder is related to both mental and physical health. Different results are found between regions and macro-areas.
Negli ultimi 25 anni, la letteratura ha cercato di capire come rispondere alla domanda, comunque posta, sull'effetto indipendente che i contesti circostanti, insieme ai contesti sociali, hanno sulla salute individuale. Non esiste uno studio che sia stato dedicato alla analisi del legame tra vicinato e salute per tutto il territorio italiano. Il presente studio vuole quindi dimostrare l'esistenza, in Italia, della associazione tra contesti di vita quotidiana e salute individuale. Questo lavoro è una esplorazione preliminare del fenomeno poiché non sono ancora disponibili informazioni per l'Italia. L'indagine ITA.LI ha raccolto i dati di 8.778 soggetti appartenenti a 4.900 famiglie residenti in 278 comuni. La salute individuale fisica e mentale, misurata attraverso la SF-12, è l'aspetto che viene considerato in questo studio. In sostanza, vengono analizzate due variabili dipendenti: una è il Physical Component Summary Scale Score (PCS) e l'altra è il Mental Component Summary Scale Score (MCS). Per lo studio del contesto si fa riferimento sia a misure soggettive (coesione sociale e disordine di vicinato) sia a misure oggettive, sia compositive (dati censuari) che contestuali (condizioni meteorologiche). Inoltre, insieme alle caratteristiche individuali, viene considerata la deprivazione a livello familiare. L'analisi multilivello viene implementata considerando una struttura a tre livelli dove gli individui sono nidificati in famiglie, che sono nidificate in quartieri. Vengono stimati quattro modelli: primo un modello null, secondo un modello random-intercepts, terzo un modello random-slopes e infine un modello contestuale cross-level. I risultati suggeriscono l'esistenza di un effetto di vicinato in Italia, in particolare sulle condizioni di salute mentale. Le caratteristiche compositive come la disoccupazione e la proporzione di case affittate influiscono sulla salute fisica individuale, mentre la caratteristica contestuale influisce sulla salute mentale. La percezione soggettiva della coesione sociale è importante solo per la salute mentale, mentre il disturbo di vicinato è legato sia alla salute mentale che fisica. Risultati diversi si riscontrano tra regioni e macroaree.
Neighbourhood Effects on Physical and Mental Health: Evidence from Italy
PIAZZONI, CARLOTTA
2022
Abstract
In the last 25 years, the literature has been figuring out how to answer the question, however outlined, on the independent effect that surrounding contexts, together with social contexts, have on individual health. There is no study that has been devoted to studying the link between places and health for the whole Italian territory. The present research wants to demonstrate the existence of the association between daily-living contexts and individual health in Italy. This work is a preliminary exploration of the phenomenon since no information is available for Italy yet. ITA.LI survey collected data from 8,778 subjects belonging to 4,900 families living in 278 municipalities. Individual physical and mental health, measured through the SF-12, is the outcome considered in this study. Essentially, two dependent variables are analysed: one is the Physical Component Summary Scale Score (PCS), and the other one is the Mental Component Summary Scale Score (MCS). In studying the context, reference is made to both subjective measures (social cohesion and neighborhood disorder) and objective measures, both compositional (census data) and contextual (meteorological conditions). Moreover, together with individual characteristics, household-level deprivation is considered. Multilevel analysis is implemented considering a three-level structure in which individuals are nested in families, which are nested in neighbourhoods. Four models are estimated: first a null model, second a random-intercepts model, third a random-slopes model, and finally a cross-level contextual model. Evidence suggests the existence of neighbourhood effects in Italy, especially on mental health conditions. Compositional characteristics such as unemployment and the proportion of rented houses affect individual physical health, while contextual characteristics affect mental health. The subjective perception of social cohesion is essential only to mental health, while neighborhood disorder is related to both mental and physical health. Different results are found between regions and macro-areas.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/173495
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMIB-173495