Metabolomica e Lipidomica: approfondimenti sul sistema di difesa delle piante di vite resistenti contro Peronospora e Oidio

INGLESE

The metabolomics response of resistant vines to P. viticola during the first 96 hours after pathogen inoculation revealed 22 potential biomarkers of resistance. Metabolite modulation was greatest in mono-locus genotypes at 48 and 96 hpi, compared to pyramided genotypes, where changes began as early as 12 hpi. The metabolomics changes that occurred inside the E. necator-resistant vines provided us with a picture of plant metabolome disturbance, which contributed to the expansion of current understanding about the perturbations that occur in the defense plant system following biotic stress. Several molecules were altered in the pyramided and mono-locus genotypes as compared to the susceptible variety. Among these compounds, ten were highly accumulated after the infection with E. necator. Thus, they have been proposed by our study as potential biomarkers of the resistant varieties. A deeper investigation and a better comprehension of the role of lipids in the plant defense response were necessary in light of the few information currently known about the participation of lipids in the pathosystem of resistant grapevine genotypes—E. necator. Our research found that lipidome changes were most obvious at 24 and 48 hours after inoculation. The extra-plastidial lipids (PC, PE), the signaling lipids (PA and PI), the plastid lipids (PG, MGDG, and DGDG), and in lesser amounts: LPC, LPG, LPI, and LPE were among the lipids that were most frequently discovered in the leaves of the grapevine that had been infected with E. necator. Furthermore, the down-accumulation of the lipid classes distinguished the resistant genotypes, while the up-accumulation of the lipid classes distinguished the susceptible genotype.