“Biostimolazione laser nella riparazione tissutale”

The LASER (acronym of "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation", or in Italian "amplification of light by stimulated emission of radiation") is an optoelectronic device capable of emitting a coherent beam of light, that is by definition unidirectional, monochromatic and in phase. These instruments are classified according to the IEC 60825 standards according to the danger to human health and their use in dentistry is well integrated into daily clinical practice. Each active medium, properly excited once connected to alternating current, will emit a peculiar wavelength that will have the ability to interact with matter in a specific way. Chromophores are the molecules responsible for the absorption of optical radiation and the coloring of the tissue. The absorption curves of the main chromophores present in human tissues depends on the type of LASER i.e. the wavelenght emitted. By dosing the amount of energy and the timeframe of its delivery to irradiated tissues, the clinician can exploit 4 different effects of laser light: 1) photochemical, 2) photomechanical, 3) photothermal and 4) photoablative. The term "Photobiomodulation" (PBM) refers to the intra-cellular action of modulation of biological processes in irradiated tissues. This branch of laser application has been called over time that different terms, such as: biostimulation, photostimulation, Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), Low Intesity Laser Therapy (LILT), all however refer to the same non-invasive biomodulating therapy [1]. In vitro and clinical studies have demonstrated four main actions of laser photobiomodulation: 1) analgesic effect; 2) anti-edema effect; 3) decontaminating effect; 4) effect of inhibition or activation of intra-cellular processes. Photobiomodulation is a characteristic of lasers with a wavelength between 600 nm and 1064 nm, this range is called "therapeutic window".