In this Thesis a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method using helical multiwalled carbon nanotubes (HMWCNTs) as a coating of the SPME fiber, a microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) GC-MS method and a SPME-GC-MS using a new nanocomposite based on functionalized COOH-MWCNTs and cyclodextrins (CDs) as fiber coating were developed for the determination of the 16 US-EPA priority pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as environmental proxies at the ultra-trace level in ice and snow samples from polar regions. The methods proved to be suitable for PAHs analysis at ultra-trace level by extracting small sample volumes. PAHs are indicators of anthropogenic contamination and they are found in polar samples at ultra-trace concentrations. This requires very sensitive methods as well as the use of small sample volume to obtain good temporal resolution of the glacial stratification. All methods were optimized by applying the chemometric approach of the experimental design, obtaining excellent LOD values at the minimum ng/L level for all target compounds and demonstrating to be promising tools for the ultra-trace analysis of PAHs as organic markers in snow/firn and ice cores from polar regions, in order to provide paleoenvironmental records to assess the occurrence and global contamination with PAHs and other emerging contaminants.
In questa Tesi sono stati sviluppati: un metodo di microestrazione in fase solida (SPME) che ha utilizzato nanotubi di carbonio a pareti multiple elicoidali (HMWCNT) come coating della fibra SPME, un metodo di microestrazione con adsorbente impaccato (MEPS) ed un metodo SPME che si è servito di un nuovo nanocomposito a base di MWCNT funzionalizzati (MWCNT-COOH) e ciclodestrine (CDs) come coating della fibra SPME, per la determinazione mediante gascromatografia accoppiata a spettrometria di massa (GC-MS) dei 16 idrocarburi policiclici aromatici (IPA), regolamentati come inquinanti prioritari dall’US-EPA e considerati proxy ambientali, a livello di ultratraccia in campioni di ghiaccio e neve delle regioni polari. I metodi si sono rivelati idonei per l’analisi degli IPA a livello di ultratraccia nonostante l’estrazione di piccoli volumi di campione. Infatti, gli IPA sono indicatori di contaminazione antropica e la loro determinazione nei campioni polari richiede metodi analitici molto sensibili e l’uso di piccoli volumi di campione per ottenere una buona risoluzione temporale della stratificazione glaciale. Tutti i metodi sono stati ottimizzati applicando l’approccio chemiometrico del disegno sperimentale, ottenendo eccellenti valori di LOD per tutti i composti target e dimostrando di essere strumenti promettenti per quanto riguarda il supporto alle ricerce paleoambientali, in particolare per l’analisi a livello di ultratraccia degli IPA come traccianti organici in campioni di neve e carote di ghiaccio delle regioni polari.
Innovative miniaturized sample treatment techniques for the determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as organic tracers in snow and ice core samples
Angela, Arcoleo
2022
Abstract
In this Thesis a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method using helical multiwalled carbon nanotubes (HMWCNTs) as a coating of the SPME fiber, a microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) GC-MS method and a SPME-GC-MS using a new nanocomposite based on functionalized COOH-MWCNTs and cyclodextrins (CDs) as fiber coating were developed for the determination of the 16 US-EPA priority pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as environmental proxies at the ultra-trace level in ice and snow samples from polar regions. The methods proved to be suitable for PAHs analysis at ultra-trace level by extracting small sample volumes. PAHs are indicators of anthropogenic contamination and they are found in polar samples at ultra-trace concentrations. This requires very sensitive methods as well as the use of small sample volume to obtain good temporal resolution of the glacial stratification. All methods were optimized by applying the chemometric approach of the experimental design, obtaining excellent LOD values at the minimum ng/L level for all target compounds and demonstrating to be promising tools for the ultra-trace analysis of PAHs as organic markers in snow/firn and ice cores from polar regions, in order to provide paleoenvironmental records to assess the occurrence and global contamination with PAHs and other emerging contaminants.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/193486
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPR-193486