This doctoral thesis analyzes H.T. Engelhardt's thoughts on central themes in contemporary bioethical debate, focusing on the existence of a highly plural society characterized by moral pluralism. The research primarily examines the concept of the person, which lacks broad consensus and requires extensive reflection for an appropriate definition. Addressing the "human person" involves discussing their rational capacity, which is questioned by the postmodern context of the plural society and Engelhardt himself. This study aims to determine whether the concept of the person, grounded in reason, can still be relevant in contemporary bioethical discourse to ensure their protection through a non-arbitrary hierarchy of goods. The research begins with an analysis of Engelhardt's perspective on the crisis of reason in the contemporary context, characterized by a cultural crisis that undermines the certainty of knowledge, particularly moral knowledge. By comparing the modern era, marked by progress, freedom, and trust in reason, with the postmodern situation, the thesis explores Engelhardt's critique of the Enlightenment project and his proposal of minimalist morality. The second part of the thesis focuses on the concept of the person, seeking an adequate definition and examining Engelhardt's interpretation, which equates "person" with "healthy adult." Engelhardt distinguishes between human beings and human persons, aligning with bioethical views that recognize rights only for those capable of autonomous self-awareness, rationality, and freedom. This section addresses bioethical issues related to permission and the centrality of the person in granting rights and protection. Key concepts in Engelhardt's thought, such as charity, permission, property, moral friends and strangers, community, and society, are analyzed to understand the sustainability of his proposed morality and the resulting image of the person. Through critical analysis, this thesis addresses central themes in contemporary bioethical debate, questioning whether human reason can still be intentionally opened to reality to grasp its profound meaning, demonstrate substantial morality, and determine appropriate protection for the human person.
Questa tesi di dottorato analizza il pensiero di H.T. Engelhardt su alcuni temi centrali del dibattito bioetico contemporaneo, concentrandosi sull'esistenza di una società caratterizzata da pluralismo morale. La ricerca esamina principalmente il concetto di persona. Affrontare il concetto di "persona umana" implica discutere la capacità razionale, messa in discussione dal contesto postmoderno della società plurale e dallo stesso Engelhardt. Questo studio mira a determinare se il concetto di persona, basato sulla ragione, possa ancora essere rilevante nel discorso bioetico contemporaneo per garantire la loro protezione attraverso una gerarchia non arbitraria di beni. La ricerca inizia con un'analisi della prospettiva di Engelhardt sulla crisi della ragione nel contesto contemporaneo, caratterizzato da una crisi culturale che mina la certezza della conoscenza, in particolare quella morale. Confrontando l'era moderna, segnata da progresso, libertà e fiducia nella ragione, con la situazione postmoderna, la tesi esplora la critica di Engelhardt al progetto illuminista e la sua proposta di moralità minimalista. La seconda parte della tesi si concentra sul concetto di persona, cercando una definizione adeguata ed esaminando l'interpretazione di Engelhardt, che equipara "persona" a "adulto sano". Engelhardt distingue tra esseri umani e persone umane, allineandosi con le visioni bioetiche che riconoscono diritti solo a coloro che sono capaci di autoconsapevolezza, razionalità e libertà autonome. Questa sezione affronta questioni bioetiche legate al permesso e alla centralità della persona nel concedere diritti e protezione. Concetti chiave nel pensiero di Engelhardt, come carità, permesso, proprietà, amici e stranieri morali, comunità e società, vengono analizzati per comprendere la sostenibilità della moralità da lui proposta e l'immagine della persona che ne deriva. Attraverso un'analisi critica, questa tesi affronta temi centrali del dibattito bioetico contemporaneo, interrogandosi se la ragione umana possa ancora aprirsi intenzionalmente alla realtà per coglierne il significato profondo, dimostrare una moralità sostanziale e determinare una protezione adeguata per la persona umana.
Bioethical framework of the personal realm
LACASELLA, Giorgia Viola
2024
Abstract
This doctoral thesis analyzes H.T. Engelhardt's thoughts on central themes in contemporary bioethical debate, focusing on the existence of a highly plural society characterized by moral pluralism. The research primarily examines the concept of the person, which lacks broad consensus and requires extensive reflection for an appropriate definition. Addressing the "human person" involves discussing their rational capacity, which is questioned by the postmodern context of the plural society and Engelhardt himself. This study aims to determine whether the concept of the person, grounded in reason, can still be relevant in contemporary bioethical discourse to ensure their protection through a non-arbitrary hierarchy of goods. The research begins with an analysis of Engelhardt's perspective on the crisis of reason in the contemporary context, characterized by a cultural crisis that undermines the certainty of knowledge, particularly moral knowledge. By comparing the modern era, marked by progress, freedom, and trust in reason, with the postmodern situation, the thesis explores Engelhardt's critique of the Enlightenment project and his proposal of minimalist morality. The second part of the thesis focuses on the concept of the person, seeking an adequate definition and examining Engelhardt's interpretation, which equates "person" with "healthy adult." Engelhardt distinguishes between human beings and human persons, aligning with bioethical views that recognize rights only for those capable of autonomous self-awareness, rationality, and freedom. This section addresses bioethical issues related to permission and the centrality of the person in granting rights and protection. Key concepts in Engelhardt's thought, such as charity, permission, property, moral friends and strangers, community, and society, are analyzed to understand the sustainability of his proposed morality and the resulting image of the person. Through critical analysis, this thesis addresses central themes in contemporary bioethical debate, questioning whether human reason can still be intentionally opened to reality to grasp its profound meaning, demonstrate substantial morality, and determine appropriate protection for the human person.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/195465
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMOL-195465