During the Early Iron Age (9th-8th century BCE), the Etruscan civilization flourished in a large area of central Italy with local expansions into neighboring regions, such as Campania and the Po Valley. Palaeogenomic evidence from over 50 ancient human remains coming from necropolyses associated to the Etruscan city of Felsina (present-day Bologna) and dated between the 8th and 6th century BCE (Hallstatt phase), allows to define for the first time the genetic profile of the Etruscan community of the Po Valley area. Archaeological findings show clear evidence of extensive contacts between the Etruscans of Felsina and Celtic-related groups from the Early Iron Age onwards. The newly generated genomic data help to investigate the dynamics underlying the relationship between these two culturally distinct groups and to evaluate the resulting biological impact on the genetic makeup of Felsina. To further explore this point, additional samples from the Po Valley and dated to the Gallic migration period (4th-3rd century BCE, La Tène phase) were added to the dataset. Although most of the Etruscan samples from Bologna carry a local genetic profile, a significative and heterogeneous fraction of the analysed individuals show a high genetic affinity to ancient central and northern European populations. Unexpectedly, almost all the samples coming from the more recent necropolises show an autochthonous signal. Radiocarbon dating revealed the presence of a few individuals belonging to the Roman Imperial period that are are genetically distinct from the previous Iron Age samples, showing an increased affinity to ancient groups from the Caucasus and, in one single case, to subsaharan Africa.
La civiltà etrusca si sviluppa durante la prima età del Ferro (IX-VIII secolo a.C.) in una vasta regione dell’Italia centrale (Etruria), con espansioni locali nei limitrofi territori della Campania e della pianura Padana. L’analisi paleogenomica di oltre 50 resti umani antichi provenienti da necropoli etrusche correlate all’antico centro di Felsina (attuale Bologna) e datate tra l’VIII e il VI secolo a.C. (fase Hallstatt) ha consentito di descrivere per la prima volta il profilo genetico della comunità etrusca padana. Date le numerose testimonianze archeologiche di frequenti contatti diretti tra gli Etruschi di Felsina e popolazioni di origine celtica a partire dalla prima età del Ferro, attraverso il dato genomico sono state indagate le dinamiche e l’eventuale impatto biologico delle relazioni esistenti tra questi due gruppi culturalmente distinti sull’assetto genetico di Felsina. Per approfondire questo punto, il dataset è stato ampliato con l’aggiunta di ulteriori campioni provenienti da necropoli dell’area padana riferibili al periodo delle grandi migrazioni galliche (IV-III secolo a.C., fase La Tène). Nonostante la maggior parte dei campioni dell’area bolognese mostri un profilo genetico locale, un gruppo significativo ed eterogeneo di individui si caratterizza, invece, per una particolare affinità a popolazioni antiche dell’Europa centrale e settentrionale. Inaspettatamente, i più recenti campioni del secondo set si caratterizzano prevalentemente per un profilo genetico autoctono. Datazioni al radiocarbonio hanno rilevato la presenza nel dataset di un ristretto gruppo di individui appartenenti al periodo imperiale romano che si distinguono geneticamente dal gruppo etrusco per una maggiore affinità a componenti genetiche associate alle regioni caucasiche e, in un singolo caso, all’Africa subsahariana.
Analisi paleogenetiche su resti umani antichi. Gli Etruschi di Felsina e dintorni: evidenze genomiche dall’Etruria padana
Valentina, Zaro
2023
Abstract
During the Early Iron Age (9th-8th century BCE), the Etruscan civilization flourished in a large area of central Italy with local expansions into neighboring regions, such as Campania and the Po Valley. Palaeogenomic evidence from over 50 ancient human remains coming from necropolyses associated to the Etruscan city of Felsina (present-day Bologna) and dated between the 8th and 6th century BCE (Hallstatt phase), allows to define for the first time the genetic profile of the Etruscan community of the Po Valley area. Archaeological findings show clear evidence of extensive contacts between the Etruscans of Felsina and Celtic-related groups from the Early Iron Age onwards. The newly generated genomic data help to investigate the dynamics underlying the relationship between these two culturally distinct groups and to evaluate the resulting biological impact on the genetic makeup of Felsina. To further explore this point, additional samples from the Po Valley and dated to the Gallic migration period (4th-3rd century BCE, La Tène phase) were added to the dataset. Although most of the Etruscan samples from Bologna carry a local genetic profile, a significative and heterogeneous fraction of the analysed individuals show a high genetic affinity to ancient central and northern European populations. Unexpectedly, almost all the samples coming from the more recent necropolises show an autochthonous signal. Radiocarbon dating revealed the presence of a few individuals belonging to the Roman Imperial period that are are genetically distinct from the previous Iron Age samples, showing an increased affinity to ancient groups from the Caucasus and, in one single case, to subsaharan Africa.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/196141
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPR-196141