Applications of laser light: Scribing of Solar Cells and treatment of Ocular diseases

Lasers play a crucial role in many scientific experiments and research studies due to their ability to deliver highly precise and focused light beams. This research is organized into two principal projects. The first part investigates laser scribing of thin-film solar cells (TFSC), conducted through a collaborative effort between the Department of Engineering and Architecture at the University of Parma and the IMEM-CNR, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism. Thin-film solar cells are a promising technology for both terrestrial and astronomical photovoltaic (PV) applications, offering considerable flexibility in design and manufacturing. A variety of substrates—such as flexible, rigid, metallic, and insulating types—can be used to deposit multiple functional layers, including contacts, absorbers, and reflectors. Additionally, laser light application in ophthalmology is widely recognized, thanks to the high precision and control offered by different laser types. These specialized lasers are engineered and optimized specifically for various ocular treatments. Another part of this thesis investigates evaluating a fiber laser designed for treating ocular diseases. A model of a dysprosium-doped fiber laser was established, with physical and numerical parameters observed to evaluate the efficiency of the laser output.