Nanocarriers have been proposed as a promising strategy to enhance topical drug delivery because they can improve hydrophobic compounds water-solubility and, due to their nanometric size, they can promote drugs accumulation in tissues avoiding or minimizing any systemic absorption. Therefore, the general aim of this project was to study polymeric micelles for their ability to boost the solubility and retention of some lipophilic drugs commonly used for the topical treatment of cutaneous and ocular diseases. Furthermore, considering the issues related to the application of ocular formulations, a polymeric device was prepared and evaluated for its possible use in the treatment of anterior and posterior eye segment disorders. The manuscript is divided in seven chapters. In the first one, an overview of polymeric micelles general features will be given. The second chapter will focus on drug delivery to the skin, describing the structure of the skin, the main routes of drugs penetration and the most relevant factors affecting cutaneous delivery. In this part, the experimental work regarding the preparation of polymeric micelles loaded with imiquimod for skin delivery will be reported. Ocular drug delivery, with particular attention to the main routes of ocular administration, will be illustrated in the third chapter together with the experimental part about the preparation of cyclosporine-loaded polymeric micelles for anterior and posterior segment disorders. The fourth chapter will report the use of polymeric films loaded with dexamethasone and levofloxacin to be used as inserts or implants for ocular delivery. Finally, in the fifth chapter, a general conclusion is found whereas in the sixth and seventh chapter a list of the scientific articles published or submitted and the list of references are reported.
I nanocarriers sono in grado di promuovere la somministrazione topica di farmaci tramite un aumento della solubilità di molecole idrofobiche e, grazie alla loro dimensione nanometrica, tramite la loro capacità di favorire l’accumulo nei tessuti evitando o riducendo al minimo l’assorbimento sistemico. Per questo motivo, lo scopo generale della tesi è stato quello di studiare le micelle polimeriche per la loro capacità di incrementare la solubilità e l’accumulo di farmaci lipofili comunemente utilizzati per il trattamento topico di patologie a livello cutaneo ed oculare. Inoltre, considerando i numerosi problemi correlati alla somministrazione oculare, è stata messa in atto la preparazione di un film polimerico utile nel trattamento delle patologie sia del segmento anteriore che posteriore dell’occhio. Il manoscritto è stato suddiviso in sette capitoli. Nel primo capitolo è presente un’introduzione generale sulle caratteristiche delle micelle polimeriche. Il secondo capitolo descrive gli aspetti fondamentali della somministrazione topica di farmaci a livello della pelle e riporta il lavoro sperimentale relativo alla preparazione di micelle polimeriche caricate con imiquimod per somministrazione cutanea. Il terzo capitolo introduce la somministrazione oculare di farmaci ed il lavoro sperimentale relativo alla preparazione di micelle polimeriche caricate con ciclosporina per il trattamento di patologie del segmento anteriore e posteriore. Il quarto capitolo, invece, si focalizza sulla preparazione di film polimerici caricati con desametasone e levofloxacina da essere utilizzati come inserti o impianti oculari. Infine, nel quinto capitolo viene riportata una breve conclusione generale mentre nel sesto e nel settimo capitolo vi sono, rispettivamente, una lista delle pubblicazioni scientifiche e la lista delle referenze.
Strategie innovative per la somministrazione cutanea ed oculare di farmaci idrofobici
Martina, Ghezzi
2023
Abstract
Nanocarriers have been proposed as a promising strategy to enhance topical drug delivery because they can improve hydrophobic compounds water-solubility and, due to their nanometric size, they can promote drugs accumulation in tissues avoiding or minimizing any systemic absorption. Therefore, the general aim of this project was to study polymeric micelles for their ability to boost the solubility and retention of some lipophilic drugs commonly used for the topical treatment of cutaneous and ocular diseases. Furthermore, considering the issues related to the application of ocular formulations, a polymeric device was prepared and evaluated for its possible use in the treatment of anterior and posterior eye segment disorders. The manuscript is divided in seven chapters. In the first one, an overview of polymeric micelles general features will be given. The second chapter will focus on drug delivery to the skin, describing the structure of the skin, the main routes of drugs penetration and the most relevant factors affecting cutaneous delivery. In this part, the experimental work regarding the preparation of polymeric micelles loaded with imiquimod for skin delivery will be reported. Ocular drug delivery, with particular attention to the main routes of ocular administration, will be illustrated in the third chapter together with the experimental part about the preparation of cyclosporine-loaded polymeric micelles for anterior and posterior segment disorders. The fourth chapter will report the use of polymeric films loaded with dexamethasone and levofloxacin to be used as inserts or implants for ocular delivery. Finally, in the fifth chapter, a general conclusion is found whereas in the sixth and seventh chapter a list of the scientific articles published or submitted and the list of references are reported.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/196295
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPR-196295