Energy is vital in sustaining human life, yet the energy sector’s significant contributions to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and climate change necessitate transformative changes, commonly referred to as energy transition. Cities, as major energy consumers and GHG emitters, are pivotal to this transition, as their governance capabilities enable the implementation of local energy plans and policies that influence energy demand and emissions patterns. However, not all urban transformative actions stem from formal urban planning processes. Collective Energy Initiatives (CEIs) represent an emerging social movement driving decentralised renewable energy production. While CEIs offer numerous benefits, their activities can lead to spatial challenges, including land consumption, land use conflicts, and competition. With urban space already scarce, understanding the spatial impacts of CEIs is vital. Yet, this dimension remains understudied, revealing critical theoretical, methodological, and practical gaps. “How do CEIs, which promote decentralised renewable energy generation, impact cities spatially?” is the central question of the research. To address this, the study integrates multidisciplinary perspectives, fostering the cross-pollination of ideas. Through an integrative review, the research (1) developed a conceptual framework illustrating the multifaceted nature of CEIs and how their internal processes shape their impacts, and (2) identified a range of approaches, methods, and tools from various disciplines with significant potential for analysing CEIs’ spatial impacts and dimensions. Building on these insights, a novel methodology was developed to address two sub-questions: “What are the spatial impacts of CEIs?” and “How and why do CEIs lead to spatial impacts?”. This methodology prioritised the analysis of CEIs’ internal processes, focusing on the spatial impacts resulting from their activities and the mechanisms behind. An exploratory, mixed-method, multiple-case study research design was therefore designed. The application of this methodology to four heterogeneous, established, urban, place-based CEIs demonstrated its adaptability and effectiveness in real-world contexts. The analysis revealed that the activities of the selected heterogeneous, established, urban, place-based CEIs have not yet produced spatial impacts but rather spatial outcomes (short- to medium-term spatial effects). These outcomes, localised within urbanised areas, involve three main physical changes, punctual and limited in scale: (1) energy retrofitting of buildings, (2) infrastructure development, and (3) land use and land cover. Such physical changes contribute to reducing energy consumption through retrofitting, to improving the sustainability of urban mobility infrastructure, and to fostering a stronger sense of place among residents, promoting environmental stewardship, mitigating gentrification pressures, and cultivating social equity: CEIs can gradually enhance urban systems. The specific spatial outcomes observed depended on the choices available to each CEI, shaped by factors such as financial resources, technological capacity, locational constraints, and institutional support. These findings highlight the great potential of CEIs in advancing a low-carbon urban energy transition, underscoring the importance of engaging them in the design and implementation of urban and energy integrated plans to ensure their activities contribute to a cohesive urban vision. Such knowledge can support a spatially just and equitable energy transition while addressing spatial challenges effectively.
L’energia è fondamentale per la vita umana, ma il settore energetico contribuisce significativamente alle emissioni di gas serra (GHG) e al cambiamento climatico. Questo rende necessarie trasformazioni profonde, note come transizione energetica. Le città, principali consumatrici di energia ed emettitrici di GHG, hanno un ruolo cruciale in questa transizione. Grazie alle loro capacità di governance, possono implementare piani e politiche energetiche locali che influenzano la domanda energetica e i modelli di emissione. Tuttavia, non tutte le azioni trasformative urbane derivano da processi di pianificazione formale. Le Iniziative Energetiche Collettive (CEIs) sono un movimento sociale emergente che promuove la generazione decentralizzata di energia rinnovabile. Pur offrendo molteplici benefici, le CEIs pongono sfide spaziali, come il consumo di suolo, conflitti d’uso e competizione. Considerata la limitata disponibilità di spazio urbano, comprendere gli impatti spaziali delle CEIs è essenziale. Tuttavia, questa dimensione è ancora poco esplorata, con significative lacune teoriche, metodologiche e pratiche. La ricerca si pone la domanda: “Quali sono gli impatti spaziali delle CEIs che promuovono la generazione decentralizzata di energia rinnovabile sulle città?”. Per rispondere, sono state integrate prospettive multidisciplinari per stimolare l’interazione tra idee. Una revisione integrativa ha permesso di (1) sviluppare un quadro concettuale che illustra la complessa natura delle CEIs e come i loro processi interni influenzino gli impatti spaziali, e (2) identificare metodi e strumenti utili per analizzarne le dimensioni spaziali. Sulla base di queste analisi, è stata sviluppata una nuova metodologia per rispondere a due sotto-domande: “Quali sono gli impatti spaziali delle CEIs?” e “Come e perché le CEIs generano impatti spaziali?”. La metodologia si è focalizzata sui processi interni delle CEIs, analizzandone gli impatti spaziali e i relativi meccanismi. È stato progettato un design di ricerca esplorativo, con approccio a metodi misti, basato su casi studio. Applicata a quattro CEIs urbane consolidate e radicate in contesti specifici, la metodologia ha dimostrato la sua adattabilità ed efficacia. I risultati mostrano che le CEIs analizzate non hanno ancora generato impatti spaziali a lungo termine, ma piuttosto outcomes spaziali, ossia effetti a breve-medio termine. Tali outcomes, limitati in scala e localizzati in aree urbanizzate, includono: (1) riqualificazione energetica degli edifici, (2) sviluppo di infrastrutture sostenibili, e (3) cambiamenti nell’uso e nella copertura del suolo. Questi effetti contribuiscono a ridurre il consumo energetico, migliorare la sostenibilità urbana e rafforzare il senso di comunità, promuovendo responsabilità ambientale, mitigazione della gentrificazione ed equità sociale. La ricerca evidenzia il grande potenziale delle CEIs nel sostenere la transizione energetica urbana a basse emissioni di carbonio. Coinvolgere le CEIs nella pianificazione integrata urbano-energetica può assicurare che le loro attività supportino una visione urbana coesa, promuovendo una transizione energetica giusta ed equa, in grado di affrontare efficacemente le sfide spaziali.
Iniziative energetiche collettive: verso una prospettiva spaziale
FRIGIONE, BARBARA MARIA
2025
Abstract
Energy is vital in sustaining human life, yet the energy sector’s significant contributions to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and climate change necessitate transformative changes, commonly referred to as energy transition. Cities, as major energy consumers and GHG emitters, are pivotal to this transition, as their governance capabilities enable the implementation of local energy plans and policies that influence energy demand and emissions patterns. However, not all urban transformative actions stem from formal urban planning processes. Collective Energy Initiatives (CEIs) represent an emerging social movement driving decentralised renewable energy production. While CEIs offer numerous benefits, their activities can lead to spatial challenges, including land consumption, land use conflicts, and competition. With urban space already scarce, understanding the spatial impacts of CEIs is vital. Yet, this dimension remains understudied, revealing critical theoretical, methodological, and practical gaps. “How do CEIs, which promote decentralised renewable energy generation, impact cities spatially?” is the central question of the research. To address this, the study integrates multidisciplinary perspectives, fostering the cross-pollination of ideas. Through an integrative review, the research (1) developed a conceptual framework illustrating the multifaceted nature of CEIs and how their internal processes shape their impacts, and (2) identified a range of approaches, methods, and tools from various disciplines with significant potential for analysing CEIs’ spatial impacts and dimensions. Building on these insights, a novel methodology was developed to address two sub-questions: “What are the spatial impacts of CEIs?” and “How and why do CEIs lead to spatial impacts?”. This methodology prioritised the analysis of CEIs’ internal processes, focusing on the spatial impacts resulting from their activities and the mechanisms behind. An exploratory, mixed-method, multiple-case study research design was therefore designed. The application of this methodology to four heterogeneous, established, urban, place-based CEIs demonstrated its adaptability and effectiveness in real-world contexts. The analysis revealed that the activities of the selected heterogeneous, established, urban, place-based CEIs have not yet produced spatial impacts but rather spatial outcomes (short- to medium-term spatial effects). These outcomes, localised within urbanised areas, involve three main physical changes, punctual and limited in scale: (1) energy retrofitting of buildings, (2) infrastructure development, and (3) land use and land cover. Such physical changes contribute to reducing energy consumption through retrofitting, to improving the sustainability of urban mobility infrastructure, and to fostering a stronger sense of place among residents, promoting environmental stewardship, mitigating gentrification pressures, and cultivating social equity: CEIs can gradually enhance urban systems. The specific spatial outcomes observed depended on the choices available to each CEI, shaped by factors such as financial resources, technological capacity, locational constraints, and institutional support. These findings highlight the great potential of CEIs in advancing a low-carbon urban energy transition, underscoring the importance of engaging them in the design and implementation of urban and energy integrated plans to ensure their activities contribute to a cohesive urban vision. Such knowledge can support a spatially just and equitable energy transition while addressing spatial challenges effectively.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/201034
URN:NBN:IT:IUSSPAVIA-201034