In recent decades, unhealthy dietary patterns and the decline in adherence to traditional, balanced diets have contributed to growing concerns around non-communicable diseases and environmental degradation. In this context, the Mediterranean Diet (MD) represents a reference model for promoting both human and planetary health. Simultaneously, schools are key environments for shaping long-term eating behaviors. This doctoral thesis explores the drivers of healthy and sustainable food consumption in Italy, with particular focus to the school food environment and adherence to the MD. The first empirical study adopts a qualitative approach to investigate the implementation of the European School Fruit and Vegetables Scheme in Italian primary schools. Through semi-structured interviews with teachers and the application of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), the study identifies operational, educational, and organizational factors that either support or hinder the scheme's effectiveness. The second study uses quantitative methods to explore MD adherence among Italian adults, analyzing data from 103,447 individuals in the nationally representative Multipurpose Household Survey (ISTAT, 2019–2021). The results of ordered logistic regressions show that higher adherence is linked to socio-demographic characteristics, health-promoting behaviors, environmental awareness, and lower levels of psychological distress. These findings point to the complex interdependence of lifestyle choices, social determinants, and environmental values in shaping dietary patterns. The third study introduces indexes based on item response theory (IRT) to assess the nutritional quality of the school food environment. It examines how infrastructure, educational initiatives, and stakeholder involvement relate to children's consumption of fruits, vegetables, and legumes in kindergartens and primary schools. Results emphasize the significance of an integrated approach to school nutrition, combining service quality, pedagogical components, and inclusive governance. Overall, this thesis explores the socio-environmental factors that influence dietary behaviors in Italy. The research provides actionable evidence to inform the development of integrated strategies aimed at improving diet quality and promoting sustainability and outcomes may serve as a resource for advancing school-based nutrition policies, supporting public health planning, and reinforcing the role of the Mediterranean Diet within contemporary food systems.
Negli ultimi decenni, l’allontanamento da modelli alimentari tradizionali e bilanciati, unitamente alla diffusione di abitudini alimentari poco salutari, ha contribuito all’incremento di malattie non trasmissibili e al deterioramento ambientale. In tale contesto, la Dieta Mediterranea (DM) si conferma un modello alimentare di riferimento per la promozione della salute umana e della sostenibilità ambientale. Parallelamente, l’ambiente scolastico riveste un ruolo strategico nella formazione delle abitudini alimentari, costituendo uno spazio privilegiato per interventi educativi mirati. Questa tesi di dottorato analizza i determinanti del consumo alimentare sano e sostenibile in Italia, con un focus specifico sull’ambiente alimentare scolastico e sull’adesione alla DM. Il primo studio adotta un approccio qualitativo per esaminare l’attuazione del Programma europeo Frutta e Verdura nelle Scuole nelle scuole primarie italiane. Attraverso interviste semi-strutturate con insegnanti e l’impiego del framework teorico Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), vengono individuati i principali fattori operativi, educativi e organizzativi che ne influenzano l’efficacia, evidenziando criticità e buone pratiche. Il secondo studio utilizza metodi quantitativi per analizzare i livelli di adesione alla DM nella popolazione adulta italiana, sulla base di un campione rappresentativo di 103.447 individui provenienti dall’Indagine Multiscopo dell’ISTAT (2019–2021). I risultati delle regressioni logistiche ordinali mostrano che una maggiore adesione è associata a variabili socio-demografiche, comportamenti favorevoli alla salute, sensibilità ambientale e minori livelli di disagio psicologico, evidenziando l’interazione tra determinanti individuali, sociali e ambientali nelle scelte alimentari. Il terzo studio introduce indici basati sulla teoria Item Response (IRT) per valutare la qualità nutrizionale dell’ambiente alimentare scolastico. L’analisi esplora la relazione tra infrastrutture, attività educative e coinvolgimento degli stakeholder della scuola con il consumo di frutta, verdura e legumi da parte di bambini della scuola dell’infanzia e primaria, sottolineando l’importanza di un approccio integrato che combini qualità del servizio, contenuti formativi e governance partecipativa. Nel complesso, la tesi offre un’analisi articolata dei fattori socio-ambientali che influenzano i comportamenti alimentari in Italia. I risultati forniscono indicazioni utili per lo sviluppo di strategie mirate a migliorare la qualità della dieta e promuovere la sostenibilità, rappresentando un contributo concreto al rafforzamento delle politiche nutrizionali scolastiche, alla programmazione in ambito sanitario pubblico e alla valorizzazione della Dieta Mediterranea nei sistemi alimentari contemporanei.
TOWARDS HEALTHIER AND MORE SUSTAINABLE FOOD CONSUMPTION: EXPLORING SCHOOL FOOD ENVIRONMENTS AND THE ADHERENCE TO MEDITERRANEAN DIET IN ITALY
Vitali, Veronica
2025
Abstract
In recent decades, unhealthy dietary patterns and the decline in adherence to traditional, balanced diets have contributed to growing concerns around non-communicable diseases and environmental degradation. In this context, the Mediterranean Diet (MD) represents a reference model for promoting both human and planetary health. Simultaneously, schools are key environments for shaping long-term eating behaviors. This doctoral thesis explores the drivers of healthy and sustainable food consumption in Italy, with particular focus to the school food environment and adherence to the MD. The first empirical study adopts a qualitative approach to investigate the implementation of the European School Fruit and Vegetables Scheme in Italian primary schools. Through semi-structured interviews with teachers and the application of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), the study identifies operational, educational, and organizational factors that either support or hinder the scheme's effectiveness. The second study uses quantitative methods to explore MD adherence among Italian adults, analyzing data from 103,447 individuals in the nationally representative Multipurpose Household Survey (ISTAT, 2019–2021). The results of ordered logistic regressions show that higher adherence is linked to socio-demographic characteristics, health-promoting behaviors, environmental awareness, and lower levels of psychological distress. These findings point to the complex interdependence of lifestyle choices, social determinants, and environmental values in shaping dietary patterns. The third study introduces indexes based on item response theory (IRT) to assess the nutritional quality of the school food environment. It examines how infrastructure, educational initiatives, and stakeholder involvement relate to children's consumption of fruits, vegetables, and legumes in kindergartens and primary schools. Results emphasize the significance of an integrated approach to school nutrition, combining service quality, pedagogical components, and inclusive governance. Overall, this thesis explores the socio-environmental factors that influence dietary behaviors in Italy. The research provides actionable evidence to inform the development of integrated strategies aimed at improving diet quality and promoting sustainability and outcomes may serve as a resource for advancing school-based nutrition policies, supporting public health planning, and reinforcing the role of the Mediterranean Diet within contemporary food systems.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Vitali_PhD_Thesis.pdf
accesso solo da BNCF e BNCR
Dimensione
1.57 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.57 MB | Adobe PDF |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/201611
URN:NBN:IT:UNICATT-201611