Individuazione e monitoraggio di siti idonei in aree interne per la creazione di una rete FER da mini- e micro-idroelettrico esempi dall’Italia meridionale e dal Portogallo.

This thesis aims to investigate and identify suitable river sections for the installation of mini- and micro-hydroelectric plants, capable of generating an interconnected energy system, and to evaluate their technical feasibility, economic sustainability, technological aspects, and environmental impact. The preliminary identification of suitable sites was based on both geographic-anthropogenic and geographic-physical characteristics. The selected sites are located within the Bradano River basin and the Noce River basin in Southern Italy, and the Mondego River basin in Portugal. Methodologies such as statistical and geomorphological analysis, photointerpretation, field surveys, quantitative geomorphic analysis of hydrological networks, and drone-based photogrammetry were employed to assess the rivers' potential for hydroelectric generation. These investigations are crucial for evaluating seasonal variations in river flows and conducting hydraulic calculations necessary for simulating sediment transport and mobile bed dynamics. The thesis demonstrates that the creation and management of an integrated Renewable Energy (RE) network, including dispersed mini- and micro-hydroelectric plants, require detailed geomorphological and physical-geographical studies. Such studies are necessary to assess the geomorphic stability of drainage segments and identify potential hydraulic jumps, knickpoints, and other flow acceleration indicators. The research focuses on areas with low human density and minimal economic activity, typical of "inner areas" in southern Italy and rural Portugal, where the development of small-scale hydroelectric plants could contribute to regional development and energy independence. The investigation of the three selected sites reveals distinct physical and lithological characteristics. The Bradano River basin, characterized by erodible marl and sandstone formations, and the Noce River basin, with its resistant Mesozoic limestone and unstable slopes, present suitable conditions for hydroelectric generation. The Mondego River basin in Portugal, though less expansive, also offers potential for micro-hydroelectric plants. The study recommends the establishment of interconnected RE networks to address seasonal flow issues and ensure a stable energy supply. Furthermore, continuous monitoring and hydraulic assessments are essential for ensuring ecological sustainability and compliance with environmental regulations, such as the maintenance of the minimum vital flow (DMV) and the protection of local biocenoses.