Cities are experiencing a transition from a phase of expansion and growth to one of stagnation, or decline, in most of urban settings in economically developed countries. At a time in history when transition – ecological, energetic, digital, economic, demographic, ... – is at the center of public debate on a daily basis, the contemporary city is also experiencing a different one which is thoroughly changing established forms and uses of the city. The current urban transition appears to be strongly related to the urban shrinkage phenomenon, triggered at the beginning of the century by the economic and demographic crisis. This poses the necessity to build knowledge on a double scale – both global and local – about an issue often neglected or unrecognized by territories, and to rethink post-growth spatial planning, according to society’s changing needs and demands. However, how do we cope with shrinking cities across the world? On the other hand, how do we operate in contexts, as Italy, where the ‘symptoms’ of this urban condition become silent enough to delay its acknowledgement? The complexity and diversification of the phenomenon, combined with changes inertia rooted in domestic planning processes and tools, requires framing different approaches towards shrinking cities, keeping in mind each territory’s specificities, which demand specific considerations. As such, studies and research in the field of rightsizing – the process of bringing shrinking cities to the ‘right’ size, according to their ability to self-sustain and self- support – lay the basis for developing strategies to operate on shrinking territories, despite different approaches and objectives. This research explores some ‘postures’ of action on the city as a response to the urban shrinkage. However, the aleatory nature of material and immaterial manifestations of such a phenomenon, together with the inadequate ‘toolkit’ of those challenged to work on shrinking cities, lead to identify urban planning and in particular its flexibility in planning tools as the most appropriate structural response to such a condition. Within this framework, the research tries to explore in its final point the reversibility of urban planning through some ongoing Italian experiences.
La città vive oggi il passaggio da una fase di espansione e crescita a una di stasi o decrescita in buona parte dei contesti urbani dei Paesi economicamente sviluppati. In un periodo storico in cui la transizione – ecologica, energetica, digitale, economica, demografica, … – è quotidianamente al centro del dibattito pubblico, la città contemporanea ne vive un’altra, connessa al fenomeno della contrazione urbana, innescatasi all’inizio del secolo a causa della crisi economica e demografica, che sta profondamente modificando forme e usi consolidati della città. Ciò pone la necessità di costruire conoscenza su doppia scala – globale e nazionale – su un tema spesso trascurato o non riconosciuto dai territori e ripensare l’assetto del territorio postgrowth rispetto ai mutati bisogni della società. Ma come si interviene nel mondo sulle shrinking city? Come si agisce, invece, in contesti come quello italiano dove i ‘sintomi’ di questa condizione urbana si fanno così silenziosi da ritardarne il riconoscimento? La complessità e diversificazione del fenomeno, congiunta con l’inerzia al cambiamento radicata nei processi e negli strumenti di pianificazione nostrani, richiede di inquadrare differenti modalità di intervento nelle città in contrazione, non dimenticando le specificità di ciascun territorio, che richiedono una riflessione ad hoc. In questo senso studi e ricerche nell’ambito del righsizing – il processo di portare le shrinking cities a una ‘giusta’ dimensione, proporzionata alla capacità di autosostenersi e autoalimentarsi – pur nella diversità di approcci e obiettivi, pongono le basi per sviluppare strategie per agire sui territori in contrazione. La ricerca approfondisce alcune ‘posture’ di intervento sulla città come risposta al fenomeno dello urban shrinkage, tuttavia l’aleatorietà delle manifestazioni materiali e immateriali di un fenomeno come quello della contrazione urbana e l’inadeguatezza degli ‘attrezzi’ di quanti si trovano chiamati a lavorare sulla città in perdita, portano a individuare nella pianificazione e in particolar modo nella flessibilità degli strumenti urbanistici la più adeguata risposta strutturale a questo tipo di condizione. In questo alveo, la ricerca prova ad approfondire nel suo ultimo punto il concetto di reversibilità delle previsioni urbanistiche nella pianificazione attraverso alcune esperienze italiane in corso.
La contrazione urbana. Strategie di rightsizing per la città post-growth
Rana, Alessandra
2025
Abstract
Cities are experiencing a transition from a phase of expansion and growth to one of stagnation, or decline, in most of urban settings in economically developed countries. At a time in history when transition – ecological, energetic, digital, economic, demographic, ... – is at the center of public debate on a daily basis, the contemporary city is also experiencing a different one which is thoroughly changing established forms and uses of the city. The current urban transition appears to be strongly related to the urban shrinkage phenomenon, triggered at the beginning of the century by the economic and demographic crisis. This poses the necessity to build knowledge on a double scale – both global and local – about an issue often neglected or unrecognized by territories, and to rethink post-growth spatial planning, according to society’s changing needs and demands. However, how do we cope with shrinking cities across the world? On the other hand, how do we operate in contexts, as Italy, where the ‘symptoms’ of this urban condition become silent enough to delay its acknowledgement? The complexity and diversification of the phenomenon, combined with changes inertia rooted in domestic planning processes and tools, requires framing different approaches towards shrinking cities, keeping in mind each territory’s specificities, which demand specific considerations. As such, studies and research in the field of rightsizing – the process of bringing shrinking cities to the ‘right’ size, according to their ability to self-sustain and self- support – lay the basis for developing strategies to operate on shrinking territories, despite different approaches and objectives. This research explores some ‘postures’ of action on the city as a response to the urban shrinkage. However, the aleatory nature of material and immaterial manifestations of such a phenomenon, together with the inadequate ‘toolkit’ of those challenged to work on shrinking cities, lead to identify urban planning and in particular its flexibility in planning tools as the most appropriate structural response to such a condition. Within this framework, the research tries to explore in its final point the reversibility of urban planning through some ongoing Italian experiences.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/201945
URN:NBN:IT:POLIBA-201945