The spectral region between 1.0 and 3.0 µm, known as short-wave infrared (SWIR), has attracted a considerable amount of interest in recent years due to the growing range of its possible applications. The detectors traditionally employed in this spectral window rely either on III-V semiconductors, PbS or HgCdTe, presenting substantial challenges in their integration with silicon and, by extension, CMOS technology. A viable, cheap and Si-compatible alternative could be represented by other group IV materials, specifically Ge and GeSn. This thesis proposes a novel dual-band voltage-tunable SWIR photodetector consisting in a pair of back-to-back connected Ge and GeSn p-i-n diodes. The application of an external voltage to the device forward biases one of the diodes and reversely polarizes the other, allowing the latter to detect photocurrent. Exploiting the different bandgaps of Ge and GeSn, the device splits the SWIR in two different sub-bands (1050-1600 nm and 1600-2400 nm) and selectively detects either one of them depending on the sign of the applied voltage, yielding multi-spectral information at a pixel level. The epitaxial growth, the fabrication and the electrical and optical characterizations of the detector are reported in detail, alongside the description of an analytical model that simulates its operation. The thesis is concluded by the experimental demonstration of two possible applications for the device in the fields of imaging and spectroscopy.
La regione spettrale compresa fra 1.0 and 3.0 µm, nota come short-wave infrared (SWIR), è di particolare interesse per una vasta gamma di diverse applicazioni. I rilevatori comunemente utilizzati per questa finestra spettrale si basano su semiconduttori III-V, PbS o HgCdTe, materiali la cui integrazione con la tecnologia CMOS presenta gravi difficoltà. Altri materiali del gruppo IV, come Ge e GeSn, hanno maggiore compatibilità con il silicio e rappresentano una possibile alternativa a basso costo per ottenere sensori nello SWIR. In questa tesi viene proposto un innovativo rilevatore a doppia banda controllato in tensione e costituito da una coppia di diodi p-i-n in Ge e GeSn sovrapposti uno all'altro. Applicando una caduta di potenziale ai capi della struttura si polarizza uno dei diodi in diretta e l'altro in inversa, permettendo a quest'ultimo di misurare una fotocorrente. Sfruttando i diversi bandgap di Ge e GeSn, il dispositivo suddivide lo SWIR in due sotto-bande (1050-1600 nm e 1600-2400 nm) e ne rileva una piuttosto che l'altra a seconda del segno della tensione applicata, fornendo informazioni multispettrali a livello di singolo pixel. Sono descritte nel dettaglio la crescita epitassiale, la fabbricazione e le caratterizzazioni elettrica e ottica dei dispositivi, e viene proposto un modello matematico in grado di simularne il funzionamento. Infine, si riportano le dimostrazioni sperimentali di due possibili applicazioni dei dispositivi nei campi dell'imaging e della spettroscopia.
Voltage-tunable dual-band Ge/GeSn photodetector
Enrico, Talamas Simola
2021
Abstract
The spectral region between 1.0 and 3.0 µm, known as short-wave infrared (SWIR), has attracted a considerable amount of interest in recent years due to the growing range of its possible applications. The detectors traditionally employed in this spectral window rely either on III-V semiconductors, PbS or HgCdTe, presenting substantial challenges in their integration with silicon and, by extension, CMOS technology. A viable, cheap and Si-compatible alternative could be represented by other group IV materials, specifically Ge and GeSn. This thesis proposes a novel dual-band voltage-tunable SWIR photodetector consisting in a pair of back-to-back connected Ge and GeSn p-i-n diodes. The application of an external voltage to the device forward biases one of the diodes and reversely polarizes the other, allowing the latter to detect photocurrent. Exploiting the different bandgaps of Ge and GeSn, the device splits the SWIR in two different sub-bands (1050-1600 nm and 1600-2400 nm) and selectively detects either one of them depending on the sign of the applied voltage, yielding multi-spectral information at a pixel level. The epitaxial growth, the fabrication and the electrical and optical characterizations of the detector are reported in detail, alongside the description of an analytical model that simulates its operation. The thesis is concluded by the experimental demonstration of two possible applications for the device in the fields of imaging and spectroscopy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/203612
URN:NBN:IT:POLIMI-203612