In recent decades, the consumption of natural resources has surged beyond their availability, with escalating waste generation projected to require the resources of three Earths by 2050. This scarcity is compounded by global warming, with human activities raising temperatures by 1.1°C since the pre-industrial era and projections of reaching 1.5°C within 20 years. The traditional linear economic model exacerbates these issues, necessitating more sustainable practices. The circular economy paradigm in supply chain management has emerged as a vital solution to mitigate environmental impact. Alongside circular economy principles, technology plays an increasingly crucial role in supply chain management. Technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and additive manufacturing are revolutionizing the industry, and reshaping the supply chains. This dissertation addresses three quite unrelated problems across three papers (Paper 1, Paper 2, and Paper 3), aiming to advance the understanding of the circular economy paradigm (Paper 1) and digitalization in supply chain management (Paper 2 and Paper 3), bridging gaps in both theoretical and practical domains. Comprising a cover essay and three appended papers, namely Paper 1, 2, and 3, this thesis provides a comprehensive understanding of how circular economy and emerging digital technologies, namely blockchain and artificial intelligence can be leveraged to create more sustainable and efficient supply chains, offering valuable insights for both academia and industry. Paper 1 investigates the environmental and economic sustainability of transitioning from a global linear supply chain to a circular one, quantitatively assessing three circular strategies – Reuse, Remanufacturing, and Recycling – through a simulation model based on a real-world case from the fashion industry. The findings reveal that a circular supply chain outperforms a linear one across multiple dimensions, including economic viability, emission reductions, and resource efficiency. It offers the apparel industry a comprehensive analysis of the economic and environmental advantages of circular economy practices, emphasizing the importance of customer engagement to enhance product returns and profitability. Paper 2 discusses how blockchain technology can enhance port logistics by improving transparency, security, and efficiency. Using simulation model methodology and interviews with port terminal managers, the study validates the practical implications of blockchain technology, demonstrating its potential to streamline operations. Paper 2 aids managers in understanding the significance and challenges of bills of lading in port logistics. It highlights how blockchain-based bills of lading can improve visibility, security, and trust among stakeholders, enabling managers to streamline operations and reduce inefficiencies. Finally, Paper 3 examines the impact of artificial intelligence on the automotive industry supply chain. Through semi-structured interviews with experts in artificial intelligence in the automotive sector, the study gathers qualitative insights into how artificial intelligence is transforming supply chain dynamics. The findings indicate that artificial intelligence offers numerous benefits to automotive companies and their supply chains including improvements in efficiency, operational performance, and environmental impact. Paper 3 offers the automotive sector detailed insights into the benefits, strategies, and challenges of implementing artificial intelligence, helping companies optimize their supply chain operations.
Negli ultimi decenni, il consumo di risorse naturali è aumentato oltre la loro disponibilità, con una produzione di rifiuti in continua crescita che, secondo le proiezioni, richiederà le risorse di tre Terre entro il 2050. Questa scarsità è aggravata dal riscaldamento globale, con le attività umane che hanno aumentato le temperature di 1,1°C rispetto all'era preindustriale e previsioni che indicano il raggiungimento di 1,5°C entro 20 anni. Il modello economico lineare tradizionale esaspera questi problemi, rendendo necessarie pratiche più sostenibili. Il paradigma dell’economia circolare nella gestione della supply chain è emerso come una soluzione fondamentale per mitigare l’impatto ambientale. Oltre ai principi dell’economia circolare, la tecnologia gioca un ruolo sempre più cruciale nella gestione della supply chain. Tecnologie come blockchain, intelligenza artificiale, cloud computing e manifattura additiva stanno rivoluzionando il settore e trasformando le catene di approvvigionamento. Questa tesi affronta tre problemi attraverso tre articoli (Paper 1, Paper 2 e Paper 3), con l’obiettivo di approfondire la comprensione del paradigma dell’economia circolare (Paper 1) e della digitalizzazione nella gestione della supply chain (Paper 2 e Paper 3), colmando le lacune sia teoriche che pratiche. Composta da un saggio introduttivo e tre articoli allegati, questa tesi fornisce una visione approfondita di come l’economia circolare e le tecnologie digitali emergenti, in particolare blockchain e intelligenza artificiale, possano essere sfruttate per creare supply chain più sostenibili ed efficienti, offrendo spunti preziosi per il mondo accademico e industriale. Il Paper 1 analizza la sostenibilità ambientale ed economica della transizione da una supply chain lineare globale a una circolare, valutando quantitativamente tre strategie circolari – riutilizzo, rigenerazione e riciclo – attraverso un modello di simulazione basato su un caso reale dell’industria della moda. I risultati dimostrano che una supply chain circolare supera quella lineare in molteplici dimensioni, tra cui la redditività economica, la riduzione delle emissioni e l’efficienza delle risorse. Lo studio offre all’industria dell’abbigliamento un’analisi approfondita dei vantaggi economici e ambientali delle pratiche di economia circolare, sottolineando l'importanza del coinvolgimento dei clienti per migliorare i resi dei prodotti e la redditività. Il Paper 2 esplora come la tecnologia blockchain possa migliorare la logistica portuale aumentando trasparenza, sicurezza ed efficienza. Utilizzando una metodologia basata su modelli di simulazione e interviste con i responsabili dei terminal portuali, lo studio convalida le implicazioni pratiche della tecnologia blockchain, dimostrando il suo potenziale nel semplificare le operazioni. Il Paper 2 aiuta i manager a comprendere l’importanza e le sfide legate alle polizze di carico nella logistica portuale, evidenziando come l’adozione di polizze di carico basate su blockchain possa migliorare la visibilità, la sicurezza e la fiducia tra le parti interessate, consentendo ai manager di ottimizzare le operazioni e ridurre inefficienze. Infine, il Paper 3 esamina l’impatto dell’intelligenza artificiale sulla supply chain dell’industria automobilistica. Attraverso interviste semi-strutturate con esperti di intelligenza artificiale nel settore automobilistico, lo studio raccoglie approfondimenti qualitativi su come l’intelligenza artificiale stia trasformando le dinamiche della supply chain. I risultati indicano che l’intelligenza artificiale offre numerosi benefici alle aziende automobilistiche e alle loro catene di approvvigionamento, tra cui miglioramenti in efficienza, performance operative e impatto ambientale. Il Paper 3 fornisce al settore automobilistico un’analisi dettagliata dei vantaggi, delle strategie e delle sfide legate all’implementazione dell’intelligenza artificiale, aiutando le aziende a ottimizzare le proprie operazioni nella supply chain.
Essays on circularity and digitalization in supply chains
Clarissa Valeria, Amico
2025
Abstract
In recent decades, the consumption of natural resources has surged beyond their availability, with escalating waste generation projected to require the resources of three Earths by 2050. This scarcity is compounded by global warming, with human activities raising temperatures by 1.1°C since the pre-industrial era and projections of reaching 1.5°C within 20 years. The traditional linear economic model exacerbates these issues, necessitating more sustainable practices. The circular economy paradigm in supply chain management has emerged as a vital solution to mitigate environmental impact. Alongside circular economy principles, technology plays an increasingly crucial role in supply chain management. Technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and additive manufacturing are revolutionizing the industry, and reshaping the supply chains. This dissertation addresses three quite unrelated problems across three papers (Paper 1, Paper 2, and Paper 3), aiming to advance the understanding of the circular economy paradigm (Paper 1) and digitalization in supply chain management (Paper 2 and Paper 3), bridging gaps in both theoretical and practical domains. Comprising a cover essay and three appended papers, namely Paper 1, 2, and 3, this thesis provides a comprehensive understanding of how circular economy and emerging digital technologies, namely blockchain and artificial intelligence can be leveraged to create more sustainable and efficient supply chains, offering valuable insights for both academia and industry. Paper 1 investigates the environmental and economic sustainability of transitioning from a global linear supply chain to a circular one, quantitatively assessing three circular strategies – Reuse, Remanufacturing, and Recycling – through a simulation model based on a real-world case from the fashion industry. The findings reveal that a circular supply chain outperforms a linear one across multiple dimensions, including economic viability, emission reductions, and resource efficiency. It offers the apparel industry a comprehensive analysis of the economic and environmental advantages of circular economy practices, emphasizing the importance of customer engagement to enhance product returns and profitability. Paper 2 discusses how blockchain technology can enhance port logistics by improving transparency, security, and efficiency. Using simulation model methodology and interviews with port terminal managers, the study validates the practical implications of blockchain technology, demonstrating its potential to streamline operations. Paper 2 aids managers in understanding the significance and challenges of bills of lading in port logistics. It highlights how blockchain-based bills of lading can improve visibility, security, and trust among stakeholders, enabling managers to streamline operations and reduce inefficiencies. Finally, Paper 3 examines the impact of artificial intelligence on the automotive industry supply chain. Through semi-structured interviews with experts in artificial intelligence in the automotive sector, the study gathers qualitative insights into how artificial intelligence is transforming supply chain dynamics. The findings indicate that artificial intelligence offers numerous benefits to automotive companies and their supply chains including improvements in efficiency, operational performance, and environmental impact. Paper 3 offers the automotive sector detailed insights into the benefits, strategies, and challenges of implementing artificial intelligence, helping companies optimize their supply chain operations.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/207584
URN:NBN:IT:POLIMI-207584