This doctoral thesis focuses on the importance of ethnobotany in Calabria, particularly in the Graecanic Area, highlighting its crucial role in biodiversity conservation and the promotion of local cultural traditions. The main objective of this work was to investigate the local ethnobotanical knowledge still present in the Graecanic Area and the potential of wild plants, with a specific focus on those used in food, to promote sustainable economic development in the region. Through a historical and cultural analysis, it has been highlighted how ethnobotany represents a fundamental discipline for understanding the relationships between local communities and surrounding plant resources. The food traditions of Calabria, which include the use of wild plants, were emphasized as an integral part of the Mediterranean diet, known for its health benefits. However, these traditions are at risk due to socioeconomic changes and modernization, making their promotion and conservation necessary. An important ethnobotanical survey was conducted in the Graecanic Area, revealing a rich heritage of biodiversity and traditions. Interviews with local informants documented the use of 157 species, highlighting the variety of species and their value. Among the most important plants emerging from the survey, five target species were selected for potential domestication and ex-situ conservation testing: Asparagus acutifolius L., A. albus, Crepis aspromontana Brullo, Scelsi & Spamp., Hypochaeris radicata L., and Pimpinella anisoides V.Brig. These were identified as significant food resources with potential culinary and medicinal applications. To ensure the conservation of these species, a morphometric analysis was carried out with the aim of developing domestication protocols. The results showed that cultivating some species, such as A. albus and Crepis aspromontana, improves their morphological characteristics, suggesting that domestication practices can increase the value of these plants. The research also emphasized the importance of ex-situ conservation, through the collection of germplasm from C. aspromontana and P. anisoides, and germination trials. Vitality tests were conducted to assess the cultivation potential of the selected species, demonstrating how ethnobotany can serve as a tool for the recovery and enhancement of local biodiversity. Furthermore, phytochemical analyses were conducted on C. aspromontana, revealing the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds known for their antioxidant properties, suggesting that Calabria’s wild plants could contribute to a healthy and nutritious diet. In conclusion, this thesis highlights the importance of ethnobotany as a tool for biodiversity conservation and the promotion of local traditions. Integrating ethnobotanical knowledge into modern agricultural practices not only ensures the preservation of endemic species but also strengthens the cultural identity of Calabria while promoting economic opportunities for local communities. Through the promotion of wild plants and the dissemination of local food traditions, it is hoped to ensure a sustainable future for Calabria’s ethnobotanical heritage, supporting the resilience of communities and their ability to adapt to environmental changes.
La presente tesi di dottorato si focalizza sull’importanza dell’etnobotanica in Calabria, in particolare nell’Area Grecanica, evidenziando il suo ruolo cruciale nella conservazione della biodiversità e nella valorizzazione delle tradizioni culturali locali. L’obiettivo principale di questo lavoro è stato quello di indagare le conoscenze etnobotaniche locali ancora presenti nell’Area Grecanica e il potenziale delle piante spontanee, con un focus specifico su quelle utilizzate nell’alimentazione, per promuovere uno sviluppo economico sostenibile nella regione. Attraverso un’analisi storica e culturale, è stato messo in evidenza come l’etnobotanica rappresenti una disciplina fondamentale per comprendere le relazioni tra le comunità locali e le risorse vegetali circostanti. Le tradizioni alimentari della Calabria, che includono l’uso di piante selvatiche, sono state messe in luce come parte integrante della dieta mediterranea, riconosciuta per i suoi benefici per la salute. Tuttavia, queste tradizioni sono a rischio a causa di cambiamenti socioeconomici e modernizzazione, rendendo necessaria la loro valorizzazione e conservazione. Un’importante indagine etnobotanica è stata condotta nell’Area Grecanica, rivelando un ricco patrimonio di biodiversità e tradizioni. Interviste a informatori locali hanno documentato l’uso di 157 specie, evidenziando la varietà delle specie e il loro valore d’uso. Tra le piante più importanti emerse dall’indagine, sono state selezionate cinque specie target con la quale testare una possibile domesticazione e conservazione ex situ: Asparagus acutifolius L., A. albus, Crepis aspromontana Brullo, Scelsi & Spamp., Hypochaeris radicata L. e Pimpinella anisoides V.Brig. Esse sono state identificate come risorse alimentari significative, con potenziali applicazioni sia culinarie che medicinali. Per garantire la conservazione di queste specie, è stata svolta un’analisi morfometrica, con l’intento di sviluppare protocolli di domesticazione. I risultati ottenuti hanno mostrato che la coltivazione di alcune delle specie, come A. albus e Crepis aspromontana migliora le caratteristiche morfologiche, suggerendo che le pratiche di domesticazione possono aumentare il valore delle piante. La ricerca ha anche messo in evidenza l’importanza della conservazione ex situ, attraverso la raccolta di germoplasma di C. aspromontana e P. anisoides, e la realizzazione di prove di germinazione. Sono stati condotti test di vitalità per valutare il potenziale di vitalità e di coltivazione delle specie selezionate, evidenziando come l’etnobotanica possa fungere da strumento per il recupero e la valorizzazione della biodiversità locale. Su C. aspromontana, inoltre, sono state svolte analisi fitochimiche, rivelando la presenza di composti fenolici e flavonoidi, noti per le loro proprietà antiossidanti, suggerendo che le piante selvatiche della Calabria possano contribuire a una dieta sana e nutriente. In conclusione, questa tesi sottolinea l’importanza dell’etnobotanica come strumento per la conservazione della biodiversità e la valorizzazione delle tradizioni locali. L’integrazione delle conoscenze etnobotaniche nelle pratiche agricole moderne non solo garantisce la preservazione delle specie endemiche, ma contribuisce anche a rafforzare l’identità culturale della Calabria, promuovendo al contempo opportunità economiche per le comunità locali. Attraverso la valorizzazione delle piante spontanee e la diffusione delle tradizioni alimentari locali, si auspica di garantire un futuro sostenibile per il patrimonio etnobotanico calabrese, sostenendo la resilienza delle comunità e la loro capacità di adattarsi ai cambiamenti ambientali.
Biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of ethnobotanical cultural heritage
PATTI, MIRIAM
2025
Abstract
This doctoral thesis focuses on the importance of ethnobotany in Calabria, particularly in the Graecanic Area, highlighting its crucial role in biodiversity conservation and the promotion of local cultural traditions. The main objective of this work was to investigate the local ethnobotanical knowledge still present in the Graecanic Area and the potential of wild plants, with a specific focus on those used in food, to promote sustainable economic development in the region. Through a historical and cultural analysis, it has been highlighted how ethnobotany represents a fundamental discipline for understanding the relationships between local communities and surrounding plant resources. The food traditions of Calabria, which include the use of wild plants, were emphasized as an integral part of the Mediterranean diet, known for its health benefits. However, these traditions are at risk due to socioeconomic changes and modernization, making their promotion and conservation necessary. An important ethnobotanical survey was conducted in the Graecanic Area, revealing a rich heritage of biodiversity and traditions. Interviews with local informants documented the use of 157 species, highlighting the variety of species and their value. Among the most important plants emerging from the survey, five target species were selected for potential domestication and ex-situ conservation testing: Asparagus acutifolius L., A. albus, Crepis aspromontana Brullo, Scelsi & Spamp., Hypochaeris radicata L., and Pimpinella anisoides V.Brig. These were identified as significant food resources with potential culinary and medicinal applications. To ensure the conservation of these species, a morphometric analysis was carried out with the aim of developing domestication protocols. The results showed that cultivating some species, such as A. albus and Crepis aspromontana, improves their morphological characteristics, suggesting that domestication practices can increase the value of these plants. The research also emphasized the importance of ex-situ conservation, through the collection of germplasm from C. aspromontana and P. anisoides, and germination trials. Vitality tests were conducted to assess the cultivation potential of the selected species, demonstrating how ethnobotany can serve as a tool for the recovery and enhancement of local biodiversity. Furthermore, phytochemical analyses were conducted on C. aspromontana, revealing the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds known for their antioxidant properties, suggesting that Calabria’s wild plants could contribute to a healthy and nutritious diet. In conclusion, this thesis highlights the importance of ethnobotany as a tool for biodiversity conservation and the promotion of local traditions. Integrating ethnobotanical knowledge into modern agricultural practices not only ensures the preservation of endemic species but also strengthens the cultural identity of Calabria while promoting economic opportunities for local communities. Through the promotion of wild plants and the dissemination of local food traditions, it is hoped to ensure a sustainable future for Calabria’s ethnobotanical heritage, supporting the resilience of communities and their ability to adapt to environmental changes.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/210565
URN:NBN:IT:UNIRC-210565