This thesis analyses the parameters of change (and continuity) in Turkish Foreign Policy (TFP) from 1980 to 2024. In the context of drastic international, regional, and domestic transformations, TFP has received extensive attention in recent decades, especially since the emergence of the AKP party in 2002. On the one hand, there seems to be a consensus that Turkey has increasingly become more “visible, confident and daring,” displacing an active attitude in regional and international scenarios and a multifaceted stance towards manifold issues. On the other hand, while most studies recognize these dynamics of change, the literature remains characterized by debates about the theories, levels of analysis, and isolated case studies that only partially capture the parameters behind this process compared to earlier periods. Against this backdrop, this research draws on a flexible theoretical framework to bridge traditional International Relations (IR) approaches with more multidisciplinary ones. Drawing from “third-way” lines of research that integrate Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) with Historical International Relations (HIR) and Historical Institutionalism (HI), this study expands the analytical timeframe and de-hierarchizes the levels of investigation, conceived as external, internal, and individual. Methodologically, it employs a qualitative to conduct a cross-time inquiry of TFP supported by a combination of semi-structured interviews and archival research. The objective is to capture (1) elements of continuity and change along historical lines, (2) the two-way relationship between foreign policy shifts and domestic sociopolitical transformations, and (3) the long-term mechanisms at play in both decision-making and foreign policy formulation. Relying on a broader array of parameters, the research aims to provide a detailed and updated analysis of how external structures, internal institutional and sociopolitical dynamics, and individual agency roles all contribute to shaping Turkey’s foreign policy trajectory over time.
Il presente elaborato analizza i parametri di cambiamento (e di continuità) della politica estera turca (TFP) dal 1980 al 2024. Nel contesto di drastiche trasformazioni internazionali, regionali e interne, la politica estera turca ha ricevuto un’ampia attenzione negli ultimi decenni, soprattutto dopo l’ascesa al potere del partito AKP nel 2002. Da un lato, sembra esserci un consenso sul fatto che la Turchia sia diventata sempre più “visibile, fiduciosa e audace”, assumendo un atteggiamento attivo negli scenari regionali e internazionali e una posizione sfaccettata nei confronti di molteplici questioni. D’altra parte, sebbene la maggior parte degli studi riconosca queste dinamiche di cambiamento, la letteratura rimane caratterizzata da dibattiti sulle teorie, sui livelli di analisi e su casi di studio isolati che catturano solo parzialmente i parametri alla base di questo processo rispetto ai periodi precedenti. In questo contesto, la presente ricerca si basa su un quadro teorico flessibile per supplementare gli approcci tradizionali delle Relazioni Internazionali (IR) linee di ricerca multidisciplinari. Attingendo all’emergente “terza via” che integra la Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) con Historical International Relations (HIR) e Historical Institutionalism (HI), questo studio espande l'orizzonte temporale dell'analisi e de-gerarchizza i livelli di indagine, concepiti come esterni, interni e individuali. Dal punto di vista metodologico, impiega un'analisi qualitativa per condurre un'indagine trasversale nel tempo della politica estera turca, supportata da una combinazione di interviste semi-strutturate e ricerche d'archivio. L'obiettivo è quello di cogliere: (1) gli elementi di continuità e cambiamento lungo le linee storiche; (2) la relazione bidirezionale tra i cambiamenti di politica estera e le trasformazioni sociopolitiche interne; (3) i meccanismi e gli agenti partecipanti al processo decisionale e alla formulazione della politica estera in un’ottica di lungo termine. Basandosi su una serie più ampia di parametri, la ricerca mira a fornire un’analisi dettagliata e aggiornata di come le strutture esterne, le dinamiche istituzionali e sociopolitiche interne e i ruoli di agency individuali contribuiscano a plasmare la traiettoria della politica estera della Turchia nel tempo.
PARAMETERS OF CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN TURKEY'S FOREIGN POLICY. A HISTORICAL INSIDE-OUT ANATOMY
Abrami, Samuele Carlo Ayrton
2025
Abstract
This thesis analyses the parameters of change (and continuity) in Turkish Foreign Policy (TFP) from 1980 to 2024. In the context of drastic international, regional, and domestic transformations, TFP has received extensive attention in recent decades, especially since the emergence of the AKP party in 2002. On the one hand, there seems to be a consensus that Turkey has increasingly become more “visible, confident and daring,” displacing an active attitude in regional and international scenarios and a multifaceted stance towards manifold issues. On the other hand, while most studies recognize these dynamics of change, the literature remains characterized by debates about the theories, levels of analysis, and isolated case studies that only partially capture the parameters behind this process compared to earlier periods. Against this backdrop, this research draws on a flexible theoretical framework to bridge traditional International Relations (IR) approaches with more multidisciplinary ones. Drawing from “third-way” lines of research that integrate Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) with Historical International Relations (HIR) and Historical Institutionalism (HI), this study expands the analytical timeframe and de-hierarchizes the levels of investigation, conceived as external, internal, and individual. Methodologically, it employs a qualitative to conduct a cross-time inquiry of TFP supported by a combination of semi-structured interviews and archival research. The objective is to capture (1) elements of continuity and change along historical lines, (2) the two-way relationship between foreign policy shifts and domestic sociopolitical transformations, and (3) the long-term mechanisms at play in both decision-making and foreign policy formulation. Relying on a broader array of parameters, the research aims to provide a detailed and updated analysis of how external structures, internal institutional and sociopolitical dynamics, and individual agency roles all contribute to shaping Turkey’s foreign policy trajectory over time.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/210727
URN:NBN:IT:UNICATT-210727