Evaluation of green technologies based on the action of photocatalysts for biohazard prevention and recycling of materials in sport environments

This study evaluates the potential of green technologies based on photocatalytic materials for mitigating biological hazards and advancing recycling practices in sports environments. The research addresses urgent global challenges, including the COVID-19 pandemic, environmental sustainability, and energy crises, and their implications for physical activity and hygiene in sports facilities. By employing systematic reviews, in vitro experiments, and field simulations, the study demonstrates the antimicrobial efficacy of innovative photocatalytic coatings in reducing pathogenic microorganisms on surfaces, including biofilms, while maintaining eco-compatibility. The systematic reviews and meta-analyses reveal significant antimicrobial efficacy of photocatalytic coatings, particularly in reducing bacterial and fungal contamination on various surfaces. These findings underscore the potential of photocatalysis to serve as a sustainable alternative to traditional chemical disinfectants, addressing concerns about environmental toxicity and the emergence of resistant microbial strains. In vitro tests validate the structural stability and reactivity of nanohybrid materials, showing high efficiency in biofilm reduction and microbial inactivation, as corroborated by advanced characterization techniques, including Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). Field simulations, including tests in the “CavyPool” model, demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of photocatalytic technologies in reducing microbial loads under real-world conditions. The discussions highlight the dual impact of these findings: improved safety and hygiene for sports practitioners and a reduction in environmental pollution from traditional disinfectants. This research establishes a foundation for the integration of sustainable antimicrobial strategies in sports facility management, aligning with public health goals and the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals.