Atmospheric blocking is one of the most important features of the large-scale atmospheric circulation, particularly influent on the climate dynamics of the mid and high latitudes. It consists in the interruption of the westerly circumpolar flow, leading to steady weather conditions in a limited area which can last for days or even weeks. Firstly, this work delineates the main characteristics of winter (December to February) blocking in the Northern Hemisphere, by analysing its climatology and historical trends, and the relationship with large-scale teleconnections indices, in the ERA5 reanalysis from 1940 to 2024. In addition, the linkage between the winter atmospheric blocking frequency in the Ural region and the interannual variability of Arctic-midlatitude thermal gradient is investigated. In particular, the well documented association of intense Ural blocking activity with a weak thermal gradient is revisited. Results show that displacements of the atmospheric blocking from the Ural region towards the Arctic is associated with anomalous southerly heat advections towards polar latitudes and a weakening of the thermal gradient. On the other hand, high blocking frequency co-occurring in the Ural, Greenland and Chukotka regions may lead to a strengthening of the thermal gradient, by limiting the northward heat advection. These findings highlight a more complex picture of the role of subpolar atmospheric circulation in controlling the Arctic-midlatitude thermal gradient. Finally, climate dynamics is studied during winter months when blocking frequency is anomalously positive over multiple high-latitudes regions, in order to better understand what are the main characteristics of the blocking co-occurrence and which large-scale circulation patterns accompanying these circumstances.
Si definisce atmospheric blocking il blocco del normale flusso westerly, che causa la permanenza delle stesse condizioni meteorologiche per lunghi periodi. Esso è una caratteristica chiave delle dinamiche climatiche a medie e alte latitudini. Ne verrà qui presentato uno studio che parte dall’analisi delle climatologie, trend, e relazioni con diversi indici di teleconnessione atmosferici sui dati di reanalisi ERA5 1940-2022 per i mesi invernali nell’emisfero nord. Inoltre, il blocking sull’area degli Urali viene studiato in relazione al gradiente termico fra Artico e medie latitudini. Tale relazione mostra una maggiore importanza su scala interannuale piuttosto che multidecadale, e descrive pattern di circolazione che non si limitano a un riscaldamento dell’Artico associato a Ural blocking più frequente del normale. Infatti, in presenza di Ural blocking meno intenso e Artico più caldo del normale, i risultati mostrano un possibile dislocamento del blocking più a nord degli Urali, nella zona dei mari di Barents e Kara. Inoltre, in presenza di Ural blocking intenso ma Artico più freddo del normale, le anomalie positive di blocking riguardano anche Groenlandia e Chukotka, in un quadro di indebolimento dei trasferimenti di calore da oceano Atlantico e Pacifico verso i poli.
Blocking atmosferico invernale nell'Emisfero Nord: caratterizzazione e legame con l'Artico
CADAU, MARCO
2025
Abstract
Atmospheric blocking is one of the most important features of the large-scale atmospheric circulation, particularly influent on the climate dynamics of the mid and high latitudes. It consists in the interruption of the westerly circumpolar flow, leading to steady weather conditions in a limited area which can last for days or even weeks. Firstly, this work delineates the main characteristics of winter (December to February) blocking in the Northern Hemisphere, by analysing its climatology and historical trends, and the relationship with large-scale teleconnections indices, in the ERA5 reanalysis from 1940 to 2024. In addition, the linkage between the winter atmospheric blocking frequency in the Ural region and the interannual variability of Arctic-midlatitude thermal gradient is investigated. In particular, the well documented association of intense Ural blocking activity with a weak thermal gradient is revisited. Results show that displacements of the atmospheric blocking from the Ural region towards the Arctic is associated with anomalous southerly heat advections towards polar latitudes and a weakening of the thermal gradient. On the other hand, high blocking frequency co-occurring in the Ural, Greenland and Chukotka regions may lead to a strengthening of the thermal gradient, by limiting the northward heat advection. These findings highlight a more complex picture of the role of subpolar atmospheric circulation in controlling the Arctic-midlatitude thermal gradient. Finally, climate dynamics is studied during winter months when blocking frequency is anomalously positive over multiple high-latitudes regions, in order to better understand what are the main characteristics of the blocking co-occurrence and which large-scale circulation patterns accompanying these circumstances.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/212462
URN:NBN:IT:IUSSPAVIA-212462