Climate change and population growth are putting a strain on the agricultural sector, which must increase productivity but at the same time find sustainable solutions. The domestication of wild species can prove important as a tool for mitigating climate change because they would be exploited in areas close to desertification or in any case marginal, bringing environmental benefits and also a valuable food supplement to meet the needs of the growing population. In particular, in Mediterranean environments, a halophyte, Crithmum maritimum L., is establishing itself, recently returned to the fore after being used by the maritime populations of the Mediterranean as a spontaneous plant. Sea fennel has shown adaptability in marginal soils and those subjected to stress such as salt intrusions and high temperatures, typical environmental issues of Mediterranean coastal areas. The growing interest in C. maritimum L. is motivated by the numerous uses: food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, fodder and environmental (green roof). Crithmum maritimum L. can therefore be considered an emerging horticultural crop: the horticultural sector must have environmental sustainability as its objective and therefore optimize the distribution and choice of inputs to achieve an economic rationalization of resources but above all to have a lower environmental impact. In this perspective, biostimulants are recording a significant increase in use: according to the definition of Kauffman et al. (2007) they are materials, other than fertilisers, that promote plant growth when applied in low quantities so some studies have highlighted an improvement in the quality of the products and a support to the metabolism of the plant to defend itself from abiotic stress thus avoiding the administration of chemical inputs. Microbial biostimulants can be applied during the germination phase of the seeds and subsequently also in open fields where they are able to create a symbiosis in the root system of the plants and therefore be a sustainable agro-environmental solution. However, in the scientific literature we find fluctuating efficacy of the applications of biostimulants in the agricultural sector because they depend on the species and the pedoclimatic conditions. This PhD aims to evaluate the effects of microbial biostimulants on root biometric parameters (dry weight, lenght, diameter and number of tips) C. maritimum L. in the post-seed germination phases and in the phenological phases of pot cultivation of plants produced from seedbeds and prior to the transplantation phase in the field, therefore in incubator and greenhouse, two different growth environments with controlled parameters (light and temperature) to produce plant propagation material of two populations of C. maritimum L. Following the experimentation conducted in the two different controlled environments, the work of this PhD was concentrated in the open field with the administration of the biostimulant that performed best in a controlled environment in the year of transplantation of plants of two populations of C. maritimum L., the same ones studied in the greenhouse and in the incubator: in this case the study was carried out on the epigeal biomass through destructive (fresh and dry weight) and non-destructive (nutritional status detected indirectly with SPAD units) measurements. The results obtained may implement knowledge of the cultivation protocol of Crithmum maritimum L. subjected to low levels of cultivation.
Il cambiamento climatico e la crescita demografica stanno mettendo a dura prova il settore agricolo, che deve aumentare la produttività ma allo stesso tempo trovare soluzioni sostenibili. L'addomesticamento delle specie selvatiche può rivelarsi importante come strumento di mitigazione del cambiamento climatico in quanto sarebbero sfruttate in aree prossime alla desertificazione o comunque marginali, apportando benefici ambientali e anche un prezioso integratore alimentare per soddisfare le esigenze della crescente popolazione. In particolare, negli ambienti mediterranei si sta affermando un'alofite, Crithmum maritimum L., recentemente ritrovata dopo essere stata utilizzata dalle popolazioni marittime del Mediterraneo come pianta spontanea. Il finocchio marino ha dimostrato adattabilità nei suoli marginali e in quelli sottoposti a stress come intrusioni saline e alte temperature, problemi ambientali tipici delle aree costiere mediterranee. Il crescente interesse per C. maritimum L. è motivato dai numerosi usi: alimentare, farmaceutico, cosmetico, foraggio e ambientale (tetto verde).. Crithmum maritimum L. può quindi essere considerata una coltura orticola emergente: il settore dell'orticoltura deve avere come obiettivo la sostenibilità ambientale e quindi ottimizzare la distribuzione e la scelta degli input per raggiungere una razionalizzazione economica delle risorse ma soprattutto per avere un minore impatto ambientale. In questa prospettiva, i biostimolanti registrano un aumento significativo dell'uso: secondo la definizione di Kauffman et al. (2007) sono materiali diversi dai fertilizzanti, che favoriscono la crescita delle piante se applicate in piccole quantità, per cui alcuni studi hanno evidenziato un miglioramento della qualità dei prodotti e un sostegno al metabolismo della pianta per difendersi dallo stress abiotico evitando così la somministrazione di input chimici.. I biostimolanti microbici possono essere applicati durante la fase di germinazione dei semi e successivamente anche in campo aperto dove sono in grado di creare una simbiosi nel sistema radicale delle piante e quindi essere una soluzione agroambientale sostenibile.. Tuttavia, nella letteratura scientifica troviamo un'efficacia fluttuante delle applicazioni dei biostimolanti nel settore agricolo perché dipendono dalla specie e dalle condizioni pedoclimatiche.. Questo dottorato di ricerca si propone di valutare gli effetti dei biostimolanti microbici sui parametri biometrici radicali (peso secco, lunghezza, diametro e numero di punte) C. maritimum L. nel postfasi di germinazione dei semi e nelle fasi fenologiche della coltivazione in vaso delle piante prodotte da semenzari e prima della fase di trapianto in campo, quindi in incubatrice e serra, due diversi ambienti di crescita con parametri controllati (luce e temperatura) per produrre materiale di moltiplicazione vegetale di due popolazioni di C. maritimum L.. Dopo la sperimentazione condotta nei due diversi ambienti controllati, il lavoro di questo dottorato è stato concentrato in campo aperto con la somministrazione del biostimolante che ha dato i migliori risultati in un ambiente controllato nell'anno di trapianto di piante di due popolazioni di C. maritimum L., le stesse studiate nella serra e nell'incubatrice: in questo caso lo studio è stato effettuato sulla biomassa epigea attraverso misurazioni distruttive (peso fresco e secco) e non distruttive (stato nutrizionale rilevato indirettamente con le unità SPAD). I risultati ottenuti possono implementare la conoscenza del protocollo di coltivazione di Crithmum maritimum L. sottoposto a bassi livelli di coltivazione.
AGRONOMIC STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF LOW-INTENSIFICATION HERBACEOUS CROPPING SYSTEMS
ZENOBI, Stefano
2025
Abstract
Climate change and population growth are putting a strain on the agricultural sector, which must increase productivity but at the same time find sustainable solutions. The domestication of wild species can prove important as a tool for mitigating climate change because they would be exploited in areas close to desertification or in any case marginal, bringing environmental benefits and also a valuable food supplement to meet the needs of the growing population. In particular, in Mediterranean environments, a halophyte, Crithmum maritimum L., is establishing itself, recently returned to the fore after being used by the maritime populations of the Mediterranean as a spontaneous plant. Sea fennel has shown adaptability in marginal soils and those subjected to stress such as salt intrusions and high temperatures, typical environmental issues of Mediterranean coastal areas. The growing interest in C. maritimum L. is motivated by the numerous uses: food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, fodder and environmental (green roof). Crithmum maritimum L. can therefore be considered an emerging horticultural crop: the horticultural sector must have environmental sustainability as its objective and therefore optimize the distribution and choice of inputs to achieve an economic rationalization of resources but above all to have a lower environmental impact. In this perspective, biostimulants are recording a significant increase in use: according to the definition of Kauffman et al. (2007) they are materials, other than fertilisers, that promote plant growth when applied in low quantities so some studies have highlighted an improvement in the quality of the products and a support to the metabolism of the plant to defend itself from abiotic stress thus avoiding the administration of chemical inputs. Microbial biostimulants can be applied during the germination phase of the seeds and subsequently also in open fields where they are able to create a symbiosis in the root system of the plants and therefore be a sustainable agro-environmental solution. However, in the scientific literature we find fluctuating efficacy of the applications of biostimulants in the agricultural sector because they depend on the species and the pedoclimatic conditions. This PhD aims to evaluate the effects of microbial biostimulants on root biometric parameters (dry weight, lenght, diameter and number of tips) C. maritimum L. in the post-seed germination phases and in the phenological phases of pot cultivation of plants produced from seedbeds and prior to the transplantation phase in the field, therefore in incubator and greenhouse, two different growth environments with controlled parameters (light and temperature) to produce plant propagation material of two populations of C. maritimum L. Following the experimentation conducted in the two different controlled environments, the work of this PhD was concentrated in the open field with the administration of the biostimulant that performed best in a controlled environment in the year of transplantation of plants of two populations of C. maritimum L., the same ones studied in the greenhouse and in the incubator: in this case the study was carried out on the epigeal biomass through destructive (fresh and dry weight) and non-destructive (nutritional status detected indirectly with SPAD units) measurements. The results obtained may implement knowledge of the cultivation protocol of Crithmum maritimum L. subjected to low levels of cultivation.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
tesi_zenobi.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
53.69 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
53.69 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/212972
URN:NBN:IT:UNIVPM-212972