In response to the escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance, research at NAICONS Srl has focused on discovering bioactive natural products (NPs) by investigating the metabolic potential of Actinoallomurus, a relatively unexplored Actinobacteria genus. By integrating traditional cell-based bioassays with advanced metabolomic approaches, the analysis of extracts from 88 Actinoallomurus strains led to the identification of allopeptimicins, a novel family of cyclic depsipeptides with promising antimicrobial activity. Isolated from Actinoallomurus sp. ID145808, allopeptimicins possess a distinctive polyketide-peptide hybrid structure. Structural and bioactivity analyses demonstrated their selective activity against pathogenic bacteria, highlighting their potential therapeutic relevance. Characterization of their biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) apt revealed gene cassettes for specialized precursors and modular assembly lines with similarities to other known BGCs. This enabled the deposition of apt in the newly released MIBiG 4.0 database, a resource supporting the NP research community in identifying BGCs and their metabolites. Furthermore, an innovative resin-based purification method using lithium chloride elution was developed for selective purification of allopeptimicins A, optimizing yield (35%) and purity (74%). To explore the metabolic potential of Actinoallomurus, a large-scale genomic analysis of 144 strains disclosed both conserved and unique BGCs with low or no similarity to known clusters, facilitating the prioritization of promising BGCs for novel metabolite discovery. Complementing the genomic study, a computational networking approach was implemented to aid large-scale data annotation. The Molecules Gateway, a proprietary database of 150k annotated molecules, enables efficient dereplication and compound identification in complex microbial extracts. This resource supported the development of a semi-automated workflow for molecular network annotation, laying a foundation for prioritizing novel NPs. Applied to 340 Actinoallomurus extracts, this workflow identified numerous genus-specific, uncharacterized molecular families, including one exclusive to strain M23/ID150205. Integration with genomic data enabled the identification of a novel BGC, exclusive to this strain, leading to the discovery of novel compounds currently under structural characterization. This scalable framework places Actinoallomurus as a promising source for novel metabolites and provides a model for exploring underexplored microbial genera to uncover new chemical scaffolds.
Di fronte alla crescente minaccia della resistenza antimicrobica, la ricerca presso NAICONS Srl si è concentrata sulla scoperta di prodotti naturali (NP) bioattivi, esplorando il potenziale metabolico di Actinoallomurus, un genere poco studiato fra gli Actinobacteria. Integrando test tradizionali con approcci metabolomici avanzati, l’analisi di estratti da 88 ceppi ha portato all’identificazione delle allopeptimicins, una nuova famiglia di depsipeptidi ciclici con attività antimicrobica promettente. Isolate da Actinoallomurus sp. ID145808, le allopeptimicins presentano una peculiare struttura ibrida polichetidico-peptidica. Le analisi strutturali e di bioattività hanno rivelato un’attività selettiva contro batteri patogeni, evidenziandone la rilevanza terapeutica. La caratterizzazione del cluster biosintetico (BGC) apt ha evidenziato la presenza di cassette geniche dedicate a precursori specializzati e linee di assemblaggio modulari con similarità con altri BGC noti. Ciò ha consentito il deposito di apt nel database MIBiG 4.0, una risorsa per l’identificazione di BGC e relativi metaboliti. È stato inoltre sviluppato un innovativo metodo di purificazione su resina con eluizione a cloruro di litio per la purificazione selettiva delle allopeptimicins A, ottimizzando resa (35%) e purezza (74%). Per esplorare il potenziale metabolico di Actinoallomurus, un’analisi genomica su 144 ceppi ha rivelato BGC conservati e unici, con scarsa o nessuna similarità con cluster noti, facilitando la prioritizzazione di BGC promettenti per la scoperta di nuovi metaboliti. A complemento dello studio genomico, è stato implementato un approccio computazionale di networking per agevolare l’annotazione di dati su larga scala. Il Molecules Gateway, un database proprietario con 150k molecole annotate, consente un’efficace dereplicazione e identificazione di composti in estratti microbici complessi. Questa risorsa ha permesso lo sviluppo di un workflow semi-automatizzato per l’annotazione dei network molecolari, ponendo le basi per la prioritizzazione di nuovi NP. Applicato a 340 estratti di Actinoallomurus, il workflow ha rivelato numerose famiglie molecolari non caratterizzate, tra cui una esclusiva del ceppo M23/ID150205. L’integrazione con dati genomici ha permesso di individuare un nuovo BGC, esclusivo di questo ceppo, portando alla scoperta di nuovi composti attualmente in fase di caratterizzazione strutturale. Questo approccio scalabile posiziona Actinoallomurus come fonte di nuovi metaboliti e offre un modello per l’esplorazione di generi microbici poco studiati alla ricerca di nuove strutture chimiche.
Approcci Combinati di Genomica e Metabolomica per Nuovi Metaboliti Specializzati nel Genere Actinoallomurus
Andrea, Gentile
2025
Abstract
In response to the escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance, research at NAICONS Srl has focused on discovering bioactive natural products (NPs) by investigating the metabolic potential of Actinoallomurus, a relatively unexplored Actinobacteria genus. By integrating traditional cell-based bioassays with advanced metabolomic approaches, the analysis of extracts from 88 Actinoallomurus strains led to the identification of allopeptimicins, a novel family of cyclic depsipeptides with promising antimicrobial activity. Isolated from Actinoallomurus sp. ID145808, allopeptimicins possess a distinctive polyketide-peptide hybrid structure. Structural and bioactivity analyses demonstrated their selective activity against pathogenic bacteria, highlighting their potential therapeutic relevance. Characterization of their biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) apt revealed gene cassettes for specialized precursors and modular assembly lines with similarities to other known BGCs. This enabled the deposition of apt in the newly released MIBiG 4.0 database, a resource supporting the NP research community in identifying BGCs and their metabolites. Furthermore, an innovative resin-based purification method using lithium chloride elution was developed for selective purification of allopeptimicins A, optimizing yield (35%) and purity (74%). To explore the metabolic potential of Actinoallomurus, a large-scale genomic analysis of 144 strains disclosed both conserved and unique BGCs with low or no similarity to known clusters, facilitating the prioritization of promising BGCs for novel metabolite discovery. Complementing the genomic study, a computational networking approach was implemented to aid large-scale data annotation. The Molecules Gateway, a proprietary database of 150k annotated molecules, enables efficient dereplication and compound identification in complex microbial extracts. This resource supported the development of a semi-automated workflow for molecular network annotation, laying a foundation for prioritizing novel NPs. Applied to 340 Actinoallomurus extracts, this workflow identified numerous genus-specific, uncharacterized molecular families, including one exclusive to strain M23/ID150205. Integration with genomic data enabled the identification of a novel BGC, exclusive to this strain, leading to the discovery of novel compounds currently under structural characterization. This scalable framework places Actinoallomurus as a promising source for novel metabolites and provides a model for exploring underexplored microbial genera to uncover new chemical scaffolds.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/213181
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPR-213181