The main topic of this thesis is the application of various imaging techniques to investigate biological samples for different purposes. Through collaboration with national and international groups, confocal fluorescence microscopy, two-photon microscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize novel mitochondria trackers, pharmaceutical formulations, and animal exposure to microplastics. Each imaging technique was used according to its specific properties. Specifically, confocal fluorescence microscopy was applied to assess mitochondrial staining in live cell imaging; two-photon microscopy was used to study the behavior of pharmaceutical formulations in thick biological samples; and micro-Raman spectroscopy was employed to detect and identify microplastics present in feline placentas and fetuses. Additionally, the opportunity to collaborate with non-academic institutions further enhanced my expertise. Notably, a secondment at Elvesys (Paris, France) enabled me to acquire new knowledge and skills in the bio-application of microfluidic devices, while a collaboration with an international pharmaceutical company was pivotal in exploring the potential of two-photon microscopy for the characterization of pharmaceutical formulations. As spectroscopists, we paid close attention to the acquisition of emission, excitation, and Raman spectra, as well as hyperspectral images, to integrate the information obtained from the individual images. Indeed, from the spectra, we were able to unequivocally identify the compounds present in the biological samples and exploit the spectroscopic properties of dyes to gain critical information regarding the polarity of the environments and the fate of formulations in biological tissues.
Questa tesi presenta l’utilizzo di varie tecniche di imaging per lo studio di campioni biologici con diversi scopi. Grazie alla collaborazione con gruppi nazionali e internazionali, la microscopia a fluorescenza confocale, la microscopia a due fotoni e la microspettroscopia Raman sono state utilizzate per caratterizzare nuovi fluorofori per lo studio dei mitocondri, formulazioni farmaceutiche e l’esposizione degli animali alle microplastiche. Ogni tecnica di imaging è stata utilizzata in base alle sue proprietà specifiche. In particolare, la microscopia a fluorescenza confocale è stata impiegata per visualizzare cellule vive; la microscopia a due fotoni è stata utilizzata per studiare il comportamento delle formulazioni farmaceutiche in campioni biologici spessi; e la microspettroscopia Raman è stata impiegata per rilevare e identificare le microplastiche presenti nelle placente e nei feti di gatto. Inoltre, l’opportunità di collaborare con due aziende ha ulteriormente arricchito la mia esperienza. In particolare, un periodo di formazione presso Elvesys (Parigi, Francia) mi ha permesso di acquisire nuove conoscenze e competenze nell’applicazione bio-ingegneristica di dispositivi microfluidici, mentre una collaborazione con una compagnia farmaceutica internazionale è stata fondamentale per esplorare il potenziale della microscopia a due fotoni per la caratterizzazione delle formulazioni farmaceutiche. In qualità di spettroscopisti, abbiamo prestato molta attenzione all’acquisizione di spettri di emissione, eccitazione e Raman, nonché di immagini iperspettrali, per integrare le informazioni ottenute dalle singole immagini. Infatti, dagli spettri siamo stati in grado di identificare inequivocabilmente i composti presenti nei campioni biologici e di sfruttare le proprietà spettroscopiche dei coloranti per ottenere informazioni cruciali riguardo la polarità degli ambienti e l’interazione delle formulazioni coi tessuti biologici.
Microscopie ottiche lineari e non lineari per applicazioni avanzate: il ruolo di uno spettroscopista nel bioimaging
Ilaria, Ferraboschi;
2025
Abstract
The main topic of this thesis is the application of various imaging techniques to investigate biological samples for different purposes. Through collaboration with national and international groups, confocal fluorescence microscopy, two-photon microscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize novel mitochondria trackers, pharmaceutical formulations, and animal exposure to microplastics. Each imaging technique was used according to its specific properties. Specifically, confocal fluorescence microscopy was applied to assess mitochondrial staining in live cell imaging; two-photon microscopy was used to study the behavior of pharmaceutical formulations in thick biological samples; and micro-Raman spectroscopy was employed to detect and identify microplastics present in feline placentas and fetuses. Additionally, the opportunity to collaborate with non-academic institutions further enhanced my expertise. Notably, a secondment at Elvesys (Paris, France) enabled me to acquire new knowledge and skills in the bio-application of microfluidic devices, while a collaboration with an international pharmaceutical company was pivotal in exploring the potential of two-photon microscopy for the characterization of pharmaceutical formulations. As spectroscopists, we paid close attention to the acquisition of emission, excitation, and Raman spectra, as well as hyperspectral images, to integrate the information obtained from the individual images. Indeed, from the spectra, we were able to unequivocally identify the compounds present in the biological samples and exploit the spectroscopic properties of dyes to gain critical information regarding the polarity of the environments and the fate of formulations in biological tissues.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/213364
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPR-213364