Mastitis and endometritis are prevalent pathologies in cattle farming, particularly in the context of dairy production, resulting in substantial economic losses due to the costs associated with treatment, diminished reproductive efficiency, and discarded milk during withdrawal periods. Mastitis, the predominant concern in dairy farming, impacts animal health, milk quality, and farm expenditures, while also posing public health risks due to the consumption of mastitic milk. Endometritis, characterised by the inflammation of the uterine lining, can adversely affect reproductive performance, causing issues such as infertility and prolonged calving intervals. The primary management strategy for both conditions involves the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which, while effective, contribute to the growing global concern of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Regenerative medicine offers a potentially innovative alternative for managing such diseases. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), a pivotal product of veterinary regenerative medicine, has been extensively studied for its applications in companion animals but remains under-explored in livestock medicine. PRP is rich in growth factors that modulate inflammatory responses and promote tissue regeneration, making it a promising solution for mastitis and endometritis. Furthermore, platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs), which are nano- and micro-sized vesicles released during PRP activation, have emerged as a significant therapeutic tool. Their ability to deliver bioactive molecules amplifies PRP’s regenerative and antimicrobial potential, while also offering a pathway for cell-free therapeutic applications. This study evaluated the potential of PRP and its derived components, including extracellular vesicles, in addressing high-antibiotic-use pathologies in dairy cattle. The research encompassed the standardisation of bovine PRP preparation methods, in vitro assessments of its antimicrobial and regenerative effects, and a randomised clinical trial comparing PRP with antibiotics in the treatment of bovine acute mastitis. The results demonstrated that PRP effectively reduced bacterial load and was non-inferior to antibiotics in managing mastitis. Furthermore, PEVs enriched through ultracentrifugation demonstrated robust antimicrobial activity, particularly against Gram-positive pathogens, while exhibiting dose-dependent trophic effects on endometrial stromal cells. The findings emphasize the potential of PRP and its derived extracellular vesicles as innovative, sustainable, and effective therapies for mastitis and endometritis, addressing critical challenges in cattle farming while reducing reliance on antibiotics. However, further research is required to optimize these applications on a practical scale and to validate their efficacy across diverse farming systems.
La mastite e l’endometrite sono patologie prevalenti nell’allevamento bovino, in particolare nel contesto della produzione lattiera, causando significative perdite economiche a causa dei costi associati ai trattamenti, alla ridotta efficienza riproduttiva e al latte scartato durante i periodi di sospensione. La mastite, la principale preoccupazione nell’allevamento da latte, influisce sulla salute degli animali, sulla qualità del latte e sulle spese aziendali, rappresentando al contempo un rischio per la salute pubblica a causa del consumo di latte mastitico. L’endometrite, caratterizzata dall’infiammazione del rivestimento uterino, può influire negativamente sulle performance riproduttive, causando problemi come infertilità e intervalli prolungati tra i parti. La strategia di gestione primaria per entrambe le condizioni prevede la somministrazione di antibiotici ad ampio spettro, che, sebbene efficaci, contribuiscono alla crescente preoccupazione globale per la resistenza antimicrobica (AMR). La medicina rigenerativa offre un’alternativa potenzialmente innovativa per la gestione di tali malattie. Il Plasma Ricco di Piastrine (PRP), un prodotto chiave della medicina rigenerativa veterinaria, è stato ampiamente studiato per le sue applicazioni negli animali da compagnia, ma rimane poco esplorato nella medicina del bestiame. Il PRP è ricco di fattori di crescita che modulano le risposte infiammatorie e promuovono la rigenerazione tissutale, rendendolo una soluzione promettente per mastite ed endometrite. Inoltre, le vescicole extracellulari derivate dalle piastrine (PEVs), che sono vescicole di dimensioni nano e microscopiche rilasciate durante l’attivazione del PRP, sono emerse come uno strumento terapeutico significativo. La loro capacità di trasportare molecole bioattive amplifica il potenziale rigenerativo e antimicrobico del PRP, offrendo al contempo una via per applicazioni terapeutiche prive di cellule. Questo studio ha valutato il potenziale del PRP e dei suoi componenti derivati, incluse le vescicole extracellulari, nella gestione di patologie ad alto utilizzo di antibiotici nei bovini da latte. La ricerca ha compreso la standardizzazione dei metodi di preparazione del PRP bovino, valutazioni in vitro dei suoi effetti antimicrobici e rigenerativi, e uno studio clinico randomizzato che ha confrontato il PRP con gli antibiotici nel trattamento della mastite acuta bovina. I risultati hanno dimostrato che il PRP riduce efficacemente il carico batterico ed è non inferiore agli antibiotici nella gestione della mastite. Inoltre, le PEVs arricchite tramite ultracentrifugazione hanno mostrato una robusta attività antimicrobica, in particolare contro i patogeni Gram-positivi, mostrando al contempo effetti trofici dose-dipendenti sulle cellule stromali endometriali. I risultati sottolineano il potenziale del PRP e delle sue vescicole extracellulari derivate come terapie innovative, sostenibili ed efficaci per mastite ed endometrite, affrontando sfide critiche nell’allevamento bovino e riducendo la dipendenza dagli antibiotici. Tuttavia, sono necessarie ulteriori ricerche per ottimizzare queste applicazioni su scala pratica e per validarne l’efficacia in diversi sistemi di allevamento.
Antibiotic resistance containment strategies in dairy cattle farming: use of platelet rich plasma as an alternative treatment for the management of mastitis and endometritis
Valentina, Andreoli
2025
Abstract
Mastitis and endometritis are prevalent pathologies in cattle farming, particularly in the context of dairy production, resulting in substantial economic losses due to the costs associated with treatment, diminished reproductive efficiency, and discarded milk during withdrawal periods. Mastitis, the predominant concern in dairy farming, impacts animal health, milk quality, and farm expenditures, while also posing public health risks due to the consumption of mastitic milk. Endometritis, characterised by the inflammation of the uterine lining, can adversely affect reproductive performance, causing issues such as infertility and prolonged calving intervals. The primary management strategy for both conditions involves the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which, while effective, contribute to the growing global concern of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Regenerative medicine offers a potentially innovative alternative for managing such diseases. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), a pivotal product of veterinary regenerative medicine, has been extensively studied for its applications in companion animals but remains under-explored in livestock medicine. PRP is rich in growth factors that modulate inflammatory responses and promote tissue regeneration, making it a promising solution for mastitis and endometritis. Furthermore, platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs), which are nano- and micro-sized vesicles released during PRP activation, have emerged as a significant therapeutic tool. Their ability to deliver bioactive molecules amplifies PRP’s regenerative and antimicrobial potential, while also offering a pathway for cell-free therapeutic applications. This study evaluated the potential of PRP and its derived components, including extracellular vesicles, in addressing high-antibiotic-use pathologies in dairy cattle. The research encompassed the standardisation of bovine PRP preparation methods, in vitro assessments of its antimicrobial and regenerative effects, and a randomised clinical trial comparing PRP with antibiotics in the treatment of bovine acute mastitis. The results demonstrated that PRP effectively reduced bacterial load and was non-inferior to antibiotics in managing mastitis. Furthermore, PEVs enriched through ultracentrifugation demonstrated robust antimicrobial activity, particularly against Gram-positive pathogens, while exhibiting dose-dependent trophic effects on endometrial stromal cells. The findings emphasize the potential of PRP and its derived extracellular vesicles as innovative, sustainable, and effective therapies for mastitis and endometritis, addressing critical challenges in cattle farming while reducing reliance on antibiotics. However, further research is required to optimize these applications on a practical scale and to validate their efficacy across diverse farming systems.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/213367
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPR-213367