Title: Innovative Approaches to Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of Civil Structures and Infrastructures Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a multidisciplinary field that aims to assess and monitor the condition of civil engineering structures, particularly those subject to traffic loads, environmental actions, or other dynamic forces. This Ph.D. thesis introduces innovative methodologies for SHM, focusing on combining advanced sensing technologies and data analysis techniques to improve reliability and accuracy in assessing structural behavior. After an introduction to the evolution of SHM and its significance in managing the safety of bridges and viaducts, the thesis reviews both the traditional and state-of-the-art monitoring strategies, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Special attention is given to the dynamic behavior of structures, modal analysis procedures (EMA and OMA), and methods for merging and normalizing modal parameters. A key part of the research involves the use of real-aperture radar interferometry (IBIS-FS) alongside traditional accelerometric sensors. An innovative methodological framework is proposed, enabling the synchronization of interferometric and accelerometric data even when the radar system does not offer native synchronization capabilities. By mounting an additional accelerometer on the radar and adopting a customized processing approach, it is possible to align the signals from different measurement sessions to obtain consistent modal shapes. The experimental validation was carried out on a railway viaduct, demonstrating how the integrated use of radar and accelerometers can reliably identify structural vibration modes. The analysis leverages a 3D model to optimize the selection of range bins and corner reflectors, ensuring high-quality data acquisition. The results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the hybrid monitoring approach, suggesting new prospects for extended applications in civil infrastructures, especially in real-time or long-term SHM systems. This thesis concludes with an overview of future developments, emphasizing the potential of integrated systems for more robust, accurate, and comprehensive structural health assessments. The findings are expected to provide engineers and researchers with enhanced tools for monitoring and safeguarding critical infrastructure assets in the face of ongoing and evolving challenges.
Titolo: Approcci innovativi al Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) delle strutture e infrastrutture civili Il Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) è un campo interdisciplinare finalizzato a valutare e monitorare lo stato di conservazione delle opere di ingegneria civile, in particolare di quelle soggette a carichi di traffico, azioni ambientali o altre forze dinamiche. Questa tesi di dottorato introduce metodologie innovative per l’SHM, puntando sull’integrazione di tecnologie di sensing avanzate e tecniche di analisi dei dati, con l’obiettivo di incrementare l’affidabilità e la precisione nella valutazione del comportamento strutturale. Dopo un’introduzione sull’evoluzione dello SHM e sul suo ruolo nella gestione della sicurezza di ponti e viadotti, la tesi analizza criticamente le strategie di monitoraggio tradizionali e d’avanguardia, evidenziandone punti di forza e limiti. Vengono approfonditi il comportamento dinamico delle strutture, le procedure di analisi modale (EMA e OMA) e i metodi di fusione e normalizzazione dei parametri modali. Elemento chiave della ricerca è l’impiego dell’interferometria radar a reale apertura (IBIS-FS) combinata con sensori accelerometrici convenzionali. Si propone un innovativo quadro metodologico che consente la sincronizzazione dei dati interferometrici e accelerometrici anche in assenza di funzioni di sincronizzazione native nel radar. Installando un accelerometro aggiuntivo sul radar e adottando un’elaborazione personalizzata, è possibile allineare i segnali provenienti da diverse sessioni di misura, ottenendo forme modali coerenti. La validazione sperimentale, condotta su un viadotto ferroviario, dimostra come l’uso integrato di radar e accelerometri permetta di identificare in modo affidabile le modalità di vibrazione strutturale. L’analisi sfrutta un modello 3D per ottimizzare la selezione dei range bin e dei corner reflector, garantendo un’acquisizione dati di alta qualità. I risultati confermano la fattibilità e l’efficacia dell’approccio di monitoraggio ibrido, aprendo nuove prospettive per applicazioni estese nelle infrastrutture civili, soprattutto in sistemi SHM in tempo reale o di lunga durata. La tesi si conclude con una panoramica sugli sviluppi futuri, sottolineando il potenziale dei sistemi integrati nel fornire valutazioni dello stato di salute strutturale più robuste, accurate e complete. I risultati offrono a ingegneri e ricercatori strumenti avanzati per il monitoraggio e la salvaguardia di asset infrastrutturali critici, in un contesto di sfide in continua evoluzione.
Approcci innovativi al monitoraggio dello stato di salute (SHM) di strutture e infrastrutture civili
Curri, Antonio
2025
Abstract
Title: Innovative Approaches to Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of Civil Structures and Infrastructures Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a multidisciplinary field that aims to assess and monitor the condition of civil engineering structures, particularly those subject to traffic loads, environmental actions, or other dynamic forces. This Ph.D. thesis introduces innovative methodologies for SHM, focusing on combining advanced sensing technologies and data analysis techniques to improve reliability and accuracy in assessing structural behavior. After an introduction to the evolution of SHM and its significance in managing the safety of bridges and viaducts, the thesis reviews both the traditional and state-of-the-art monitoring strategies, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Special attention is given to the dynamic behavior of structures, modal analysis procedures (EMA and OMA), and methods for merging and normalizing modal parameters. A key part of the research involves the use of real-aperture radar interferometry (IBIS-FS) alongside traditional accelerometric sensors. An innovative methodological framework is proposed, enabling the synchronization of interferometric and accelerometric data even when the radar system does not offer native synchronization capabilities. By mounting an additional accelerometer on the radar and adopting a customized processing approach, it is possible to align the signals from different measurement sessions to obtain consistent modal shapes. The experimental validation was carried out on a railway viaduct, demonstrating how the integrated use of radar and accelerometers can reliably identify structural vibration modes. The analysis leverages a 3D model to optimize the selection of range bins and corner reflectors, ensuring high-quality data acquisition. The results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the hybrid monitoring approach, suggesting new prospects for extended applications in civil infrastructures, especially in real-time or long-term SHM systems. This thesis concludes with an overview of future developments, emphasizing the potential of integrated systems for more robust, accurate, and comprehensive structural health assessments. The findings are expected to provide engineers and researchers with enhanced tools for monitoring and safeguarding critical infrastructure assets in the face of ongoing and evolving challenges.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/213426
URN:NBN:IT:POLIBA-213426