Mechano-Enzymatic Extraction of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Their Functionalization for Antibacterial Materials

This thesis explores new synthetic methods for producing cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and immobilizing antibacterial enzymes on their surface to create eco-friendly, waterborne coatings. The aim is to enhance antibacterial effectiveness and sustainability for applications on fabrics, paper, and other materials. An innovative CNC extraction process is developed using lignocellulosic biomass such as Avicel, Eucalyptus and related plant by-products. This approach leverages renewable resources to reduce environmental impact. Beyond extraction, the research integrates bio-based molecules with CNCs to improve antimicrobial protection. A key strategy involves functionalizing CNCs with antibacterial enzymes via bioconjugation. This step required careful experimentation to ensure stable enzyme attachment and activity. The thesis also explores the extraction of lignans, rare plant-derived bioactive molecules. Lignans show promising antibacterial, antioxidant, and antitumoral properties despite their low natural abundance. Their extraction and detailed characterization are presented as part of a broader effort to develop advanced, sustainable coatings.