Intellectual Property in Industry 4.0. An analysis of the innovation system in a changing scenario

The research project aims to analyze the role of intellectual property in the innovation system of Industry 4.0. Intellectual property (IP) has been studied as a central asset - to be protected and exploited - to develop the 4.0 innovation system in the I4.0 model. Applying the technology-based firm theory, a resource-based approach, innovation is analyzed as a crucial resource for innovative capacity. Given that, it is possible to assess IP as a primary asset to enable the functioning and growth of I4.0. The research consists of 3 operational phases and the focuses of investigation are: 1) in the first paper the scientific literature approached with a semi-systematic literature review to summarize trends and gaps; 2) in the second paper, the 4.0 strategies defined by the G7 policymakers were studied with a content and document analysis; 3) in the third paper, through a multiple case study, the strategies of 30 Tuscan companies regarding the implementation of I4.0 and the development of IP. All three domains highlighted the importance of the issues of developing an innovation system in the 4IR scenario and protecting competitive advantage. Intellectual property is confirmed as a fundamental resource but integration of different factors and actors is necessary in order to achieve the construction of the industrial 4.0 model. IP assumes a key value if integrated into a set of systemic actions and strategic choices, an intra and inter-organization interconnected 4.0 innovation system.