Is there a future for livestock in a sustainable food system?

This dissertation explores the future role of livestock in sustainable food systems. While livestock is associated with environmental burdens and ethical concerns, it also holds socioeconomic and nutritional relevance. Using a multi-scale, mixed-methods approach, this work examines sustainability strategies at global, national (Switzerland), and local (Swiss Alps) levels. Four studies address different aspects: a literature review identifies efficiency, consistency, and sufficiency as key strategies; a scenario analysis of Swiss livestock systems evaluates trade-offs; a participatory foresight study explores transitions in mountain farming; and a multi-criteria decision analysis captures stakeholder preferences. Results show that no single strategy is sufficient—context-specific combinations are required. While efficiency can reduce emissions, it risks rebound effects. Consistency promotes circularity and regional adaptation. Sufficiency addresses demand but faces political and behavioral barriers. Integrating stakeholder values is crucial. This work highlights the importance of inclusive, forward-looking decisions to guide livestock system transformation.