IL TRECENTO NELLA STORIA DELLA LETTERATURA ITALIANA DI FRANCESCO DE SANCTIS: UN GIUBILEO INTERDISCIPLINARE CHE ANNUNCIA LA RESURRECTIO DELL'AETAS AUREA

This PhD Thesis is the result of a deep research, based on published and unpublished sources, which explored the inquiry which brought Francesco De Sanctis to consider the Fourteenth Century as a Golden Age or aetas aurea, in a few words, a new era of a spiritual and material regeneration, essential for cultural and national roots, so much that he dedicated to it, in particular, the sixth chapter of his masterpiece, the Storia della letteratura italiana, entitled Il trecento. The Giubileo of 1300's is the beginning of this innovation, transported, symbolically, in the 1800's: two mirror-like centuries. This chapter is analyzed by an innovative, peculiar and uncommon method, in a new interdisciplinary perspective of study, where the History of Italian Literature is the magical door for a magmatic and marvelous world: the human Soul. After a very accurate investigation of the author's writing, based on his autograph letters, and, especially, on the folia of XVI. A. 70, the original manuscript of his magnum opus, preserved in the National Library Vittorio Emanuele III of Naples, the VI: Il trecento is thoroughly examined: Etymology, History of Language, Paleography and Philology are strictly connected with Literature to find the sources which Francesco De Sanctis wove into his disquisitio, with the purpose of starting a new way to consider the essence of the Art, where the vivente has the primary role. Authors like Santa Caterina da Siena, Dino Compagni and Dante Alighieri are the acme of this theory, in which Gioacchino da Fiore is, in the penumbra, the wind of change for the regeneration.