Immune allograft rejection is still one of the main causes of graft failure. The management and likelihood of reversibility of immune allograft rejection is largely determined by the corneal layer affected. Methods This single center interventional case series includes eyes that underwent selective lamellar keratoplasty . Before surgery, all patients undergo a complete ophthalmologic examination, Each patient has been scheduled for a complete ophthalmological examination annually after surgery Every adverse event, including rejection and failure, was recorded. Postoperative ECD in all cases and baseline ECD for ALK cases were obtained by noncontact specular microscopy. Statistical analysis will be performed between preoperative and postoperative BSCVA and ECD values using analysis of variance. A p value less than 0.05 will be considered statistically significant. Results We have included 3669 eyes that underwent selective lamellar keratoplasty for various indications. We observed 33 (4.52%) case of stromal immunological rejection in DALK group, We also observed 89 (3.99%) endothelial immunological rejection in DSAEK group. Finally, we observed 7 (1.51%) endothelial immunological rejection in the DMEK group. In the first group of patients that underwent DALK, mean ECD was 2110.4± 408 cells/mm2 before a rejection episode, 1893± 372 cells/mm 2 after a rejection episode and 1904± 376 cells/mm 2 at last followup. In the DSAEK group, the mean ECD was 1668±455 cells/mm 2 before a rejection episode and 1079 ± 611 cells/mm 2 after a rejection episode. At the last followup, ECD was 726±595 cells/mm2. In the DMEK group, the mean ECD prerejection was 2030± 469 cells/mm2 , the mean postrejection ECD was 1168 ± 617 while at last followup, mean ECD was 1014 ± 250 cells/mm 2 . In order to compare the effects of immunological stromal rejection on endothelial autologous cells in eyes that underwent DALK we enrolled a control group of 65 DALK eyes that were free from rejection during the follow up period. In the DALK control group, mean ECD was 2213.7± 364.6 cells/mm 2 at “before rejection time”, 2102.8± 351 cells/mm 2 at “time after a rejection” and 2108.5± 347.9 cells/mm 2 at time last followup. The ECC was significant lower in rejection group after the immunological rejection episode and at the last follow up with respective Pvalue of 0.008 and 0.03. Conclusion Endothelial rejection is less common after DMEK than DSAEK. However, in both cases a significant reduction in endothelial density was observed. Immunologic rejection conferred an increased risk of graft failure. Unexpectedly stromal rejection following DALK has negative impact on ECC exposing the patient to risk of endothelial decompensation with a significant reduction in visual acuity and quality of life.
Il rigetto immunitario dell'allotrapianto è ancora una delle principali cause di fallimento dell'innesto. La gestione e la probabilità di reversibilità del rigetto immunitario dell'allotrapianto sono in gran parte determinate dallo strato corneale interessato. Metodi Questa serie di casi interventistici monocentrici include occhi sottoposti a cheratoplastica lamellare selettiva. Prima dell'intervento, tutti i pazienti vengono sottoposti a un esame oftalmologico completo. Ogni paziente è stato programmato per un esame oftalmologico completo ogni anno dopo l'intervento. Ogni evento avverso, inclusi rigetto e fallimento, è stato registrato. L'ECD postoperatoria in tutti i casi e l'ECD basale per i casi di ALK sono stati ottenuti tramite microscopia speculare senza contatto. Verrà eseguita un'analisi statistica tra i valori BSCVA ed ECD preoperatori e postoperatori utilizzando l'analisi della varianza. Un valore p inferiore a 0,05 sarà considerato statisticamente significativo. Risultati Abbiamo incluso 3669 occhi sottoposti a cheratoplastica lamellare selettiva per varie indicazioni. Abbiamo osservato 33 (4,52%) casi di rigetto immunologico stromale nel gruppo DALK, abbiamo anche osservato 89 (3,99%) rigetto immunologico endoteliale nel gruppo DSAEK. Infine, abbiamo osservato 7 (1,51%) rigetto immunologico endoteliale nel gruppo DMEK. Nel primo gruppo di pazienti sottoposti a DALK, l'ECD medio era 2110,4± 408 cellule/mm2 prima di un episodio di rigetto, 1893± 372 cellule/mm2 dopo un episodio di rigetto e 1904± 376 cellule/mm2 all'ultimo follow-up. Nel gruppo DSAEK, l'ECD medio era di 1668±455 cellule/mm2 prima di un episodio di rigetto e 1079 ± 611 cellule/mm2 dopo un episodio di rigetto. All'ultimo follow-up, l'ECD era di 726±595 cellule/mm2. Nel gruppo DMEK, l'ECD medio prima del rigetto era di 2030± 469 cellule/mm2, l'ECD medio dopo il rigetto era di 1168 ± 617 mentre all'ultimo follow-up, l'ECD medio era di 1014 ± 250 cellule/mm2. Per confrontare gli effetti del rigetto stromale immunologico sulle cellule autologhe endoteliali in occhi sottoposti a DALK, abbiamo arruolato un gruppo di controllo di 65 occhi DALK che erano esenti da rigetto durante il periodo di follow-up. Nel gruppo di controllo DALK, l'ECD medio era 2213,7± 364,6 cellule/mm2 al “tempo prima del rigetto”, 2102,8± 351 cellule/mm2 al “tempo dopo un rigetto” e 2108,5± 347,9 cellule/mm2 al tempo dell'ultimo follow-up. L'ECC era significativamente inferiore nel gruppo di rigetto dopo l'episodio di rigetto immunologico e all'ultimo follow-up con rispettivi valori di P pari a 0,008 e 0,03. Conclusione Il rigetto endoteliale è meno comune dopo DMEK che DSAEK. Tuttavia, in entrambi i casi è stata osservata una significativa riduzione della densità endoteliale. Il rigetto immunologico ha conferito un rischio aumentato di fallimento dell'innesto. Inaspettatamente, il rigetto stromale dopo DALK ha un impatto negativo sull'ECC, esponendo il paziente al rischio di scompenso endoteliale con una significativa riduzione dell'acuità visiva e della qualità della vita.
Effects of Immunologic Rejection in Eyes Following Selective Lamellar Keratoplasty
Furiosi, Luca
2025
Abstract
Immune allograft rejection is still one of the main causes of graft failure. The management and likelihood of reversibility of immune allograft rejection is largely determined by the corneal layer affected. Methods This single center interventional case series includes eyes that underwent selective lamellar keratoplasty . Before surgery, all patients undergo a complete ophthalmologic examination, Each patient has been scheduled for a complete ophthalmological examination annually after surgery Every adverse event, including rejection and failure, was recorded. Postoperative ECD in all cases and baseline ECD for ALK cases were obtained by noncontact specular microscopy. Statistical analysis will be performed between preoperative and postoperative BSCVA and ECD values using analysis of variance. A p value less than 0.05 will be considered statistically significant. Results We have included 3669 eyes that underwent selective lamellar keratoplasty for various indications. We observed 33 (4.52%) case of stromal immunological rejection in DALK group, We also observed 89 (3.99%) endothelial immunological rejection in DSAEK group. Finally, we observed 7 (1.51%) endothelial immunological rejection in the DMEK group. In the first group of patients that underwent DALK, mean ECD was 2110.4± 408 cells/mm2 before a rejection episode, 1893± 372 cells/mm 2 after a rejection episode and 1904± 376 cells/mm 2 at last followup. In the DSAEK group, the mean ECD was 1668±455 cells/mm 2 before a rejection episode and 1079 ± 611 cells/mm 2 after a rejection episode. At the last followup, ECD was 726±595 cells/mm2. In the DMEK group, the mean ECD prerejection was 2030± 469 cells/mm2 , the mean postrejection ECD was 1168 ± 617 while at last followup, mean ECD was 1014 ± 250 cells/mm 2 . In order to compare the effects of immunological stromal rejection on endothelial autologous cells in eyes that underwent DALK we enrolled a control group of 65 DALK eyes that were free from rejection during the follow up period. In the DALK control group, mean ECD was 2213.7± 364.6 cells/mm 2 at “before rejection time”, 2102.8± 351 cells/mm 2 at “time after a rejection” and 2108.5± 347.9 cells/mm 2 at time last followup. The ECC was significant lower in rejection group after the immunological rejection episode and at the last follow up with respective Pvalue of 0.008 and 0.03. Conclusion Endothelial rejection is less common after DMEK than DSAEK. However, in both cases a significant reduction in endothelial density was observed. Immunologic rejection conferred an increased risk of graft failure. Unexpectedly stromal rejection following DALK has negative impact on ECC exposing the patient to risk of endothelial decompensation with a significant reduction in visual acuity and quality of life.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/219512
URN:NBN:IT:UNIFE-219512