Amniotic fluid is a natural fluid with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. In lieu of discarding human amniotic fluid (hAF) after childbirth, it can be collected and processed to meet USP < 71 > sterility guidelines as a non-antigenic, anti-microbial, acellular fluid that has low demonstrated immunogenicity. Purified hAF has been utilized for years under United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) human cellular and tissue product (HCT/P) guidance 21 CFR 1271 to treat a myriad of inflammatory conditions, including burns, vascular and diabetic ulcers, and nerve regeneration. Based on a review of the properties of amniotic fluid, we postulated that a slow intravenous administration of hAF might compare favorably with other human fluids that we have studied for their safety and anti-ageing effects, such as umbilical cord plasma and young plasma. Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by most cell types (eukaryotes, prokaryotes etc.). Exosomes form intracellularly by inward budding of the limiting membrane of endocytic compartments, leading to vesicle- containing endosomes, called multivesicular bodies (MVBs). MVBs eventually fuse with the plasma membrane, thus releasing their internal vesicles (i.e., exosomes) into the extracellular medium. Exosomes are typically ~100 nm in diameter and contain a plethora of different proteins, lipids like cholesterol, sphingolipids, phosphoglycerides, ceramides and short and long saturated fatty acid chains, prostaglandins, saccharide groups enriched with mannose and glycan, and other RNAs groups, like miRNA and mRNA1. The study of exosomes and their therapeutic use has been of great interest due to their efficacy, easy to manufacture and unchanging chemical profile, since they are not a living organism, like cells. Many companies are now developing exosome drugs and no adverse effects have been observed in exosome transfusions. However, each exosome origin might represent a unique challenge therefore worth study. Immunosuppressive therapies involving biologicals, such as stem cells and exosomes derived from them, are emerging as potential interventions for aging and age-related conditions, especially those linked to chronic inflammation, or "inflammaging,” one of the Hallmarks of Aging. In the past, we have run a human safety study measuring the blood chemistry and DNA-methylation changes resulting from treatments of Umbilical Cord Plasma concentrate in elderly patients. In the present human clinical safety trial, concentrated amniotic fluid was administered via infusion every other day over an eight-day period to fifteen elderly participants with age-appropriate baseline health. Our results in this study (fill in summary of results) … In our current study we enrolled 14 elderly patients of whom 13 completed the study. We took blood tests immediately before they received their first treatment, two, eight, and twenty-one weeks after their final treatment. The results showed only a relatively few blood biomarkers changed statistically and there were no statistically significant differences between their computed PhenotypicAge scores for the group as a whole or among the male or the female patients. Those biomarkers which did show significant changes did not appear consistent in all patients or throughout the follow-up test results.
Il liquido amniotico è un fluido naturale con proprietà antinfiammatorie e antimicrobiche. Invece di scartare il liquido amniotico umano (hAF) dopo il parto, è possibile raccoglierlo e lavorarlo per soddisfare le linee guida USP < 71 > sulla sterilità come fluido acellulare non antigenico, antimicrobico e con bassa immunogenicità dimostrata. L'hAF purificato viene utilizzato da anni secondo la guida 21 CFR 1271 della Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sui prodotti cellulari e tissutali umani (HCT/P) per il trattamento di una miriade di condizioni infiammatorie, tra cui ustioni, ulcere vascolari e diabetiche e rigenerazione nervosa. Sulla base di una revisione delle proprietà del liquido amniotico, abbiamo ipotizzato che una lenta somministrazione endovenosa di hAF potrebbe confrontarsi favorevolmente con altri liquidi umani che abbiamo studiato per la loro sicurezza e gli effetti anti-invecchiamento, come il plasma del cordone ombelicale e il plasma giovane. Gli esosomi sono piccole vescicole secrete dalla maggior parte dei tipi di cellule (eucarioti, procarioti, ecc.). Gli esosomi si formano a livello intracellulare per gemmazione verso l'interno della membrana limitante dei compartimenti endocitici, dando origine a endosomi contenenti vescicole, chiamati corpi multivescicolari (MVB). I MVB si fondono con la membrana plasmatica, rilasciando le vescicole interne (esosomi) nel mezzo extracellulare. Gli esosomi hanno un diametro tipico di ~100 nm e contengono una pletora di proteine diverse, lipidi come colesterolo, sfingolipidi, fosfogliceridi, ceramidi e catene di acidi grassi saturi corte e lunghe, prostaglandine, gruppi di saccaridi arricchiti di mannosio e glicani e altri gruppi di RNA, come miRNA e mRNA1. Lo studio degli esosomi e il loro uso terapeutico hanno suscitato grande interesse per la loro efficacia, la facilità di produzione e l'immutabilità del profilo chimico, dato che non sono un organismo vivente, come le cellule. Molte aziende stanno sviluppando farmaci a base di esosomi e non sono stati osservati effetti avversi nelle trasfusioni di esosomi. Tuttavia, ogni origine di esosoma potrebbe rappresentare una sfida unica che merita di essere studiata. Le terapie immunosoppressive che coinvolgono sostanze biologiche, come le cellule staminali e gli esosomi da esse derivati, stanno emergendo come potenziali interventi per l'invecchiamento e le condizioni legate all'età, in particolare quelle legate all'infiammazione cronica, o "inflammaging", uno dei segni distintivi dell'invecchiamento. In passato, abbiamo condotto uno studio di sicurezza sull'uomo per misurare i cambiamenti ematochimici e di metilazione del DNA derivanti dai trattamenti con il concentrato di plasma del cordone ombelicale in pazienti anziani. Nel presente studio clinico sulla sicurezza umana, il liquido amniotico concentrato è stato somministrato tramite infusione a giorni alterni per un periodo di otto giorni a quindici partecipanti anziani con uno stato di salute di base adeguato all'età. I risultati di questo studio (compilare il riassunto dei risultati) ... Nel nostro studio attuale abbiamo arruolato 14 pazienti anziani, di cui 13 hanno completato lo studio. Abbiamo effettuato esami del sangue immediatamente prima del primo trattamento, due, otto e ventuno settimane dopo il trattamento finale. I risultati hanno mostrato che solo pochi biomarcatori ematici sono cambiati statisticamente e non ci sono state differenze statisticamente significative tra i punteggi di età fenotipica calcolati per il gruppo nel suo complesso o tra i pazienti di sesso maschile o femminile. I biomarcatori che hanno mostrato cambiamenti significativi non sono apparsi coerenti in tutti i pazienti o nei risultati dei test di follow-up.
Amniotic fluid concentrate safety study in elderly subjects
CLEMENT, JAMES
2025
Abstract
Amniotic fluid is a natural fluid with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. In lieu of discarding human amniotic fluid (hAF) after childbirth, it can be collected and processed to meet USP < 71 > sterility guidelines as a non-antigenic, anti-microbial, acellular fluid that has low demonstrated immunogenicity. Purified hAF has been utilized for years under United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) human cellular and tissue product (HCT/P) guidance 21 CFR 1271 to treat a myriad of inflammatory conditions, including burns, vascular and diabetic ulcers, and nerve regeneration. Based on a review of the properties of amniotic fluid, we postulated that a slow intravenous administration of hAF might compare favorably with other human fluids that we have studied for their safety and anti-ageing effects, such as umbilical cord plasma and young plasma. Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by most cell types (eukaryotes, prokaryotes etc.). Exosomes form intracellularly by inward budding of the limiting membrane of endocytic compartments, leading to vesicle- containing endosomes, called multivesicular bodies (MVBs). MVBs eventually fuse with the plasma membrane, thus releasing their internal vesicles (i.e., exosomes) into the extracellular medium. Exosomes are typically ~100 nm in diameter and contain a plethora of different proteins, lipids like cholesterol, sphingolipids, phosphoglycerides, ceramides and short and long saturated fatty acid chains, prostaglandins, saccharide groups enriched with mannose and glycan, and other RNAs groups, like miRNA and mRNA1. The study of exosomes and their therapeutic use has been of great interest due to their efficacy, easy to manufacture and unchanging chemical profile, since they are not a living organism, like cells. Many companies are now developing exosome drugs and no adverse effects have been observed in exosome transfusions. However, each exosome origin might represent a unique challenge therefore worth study. Immunosuppressive therapies involving biologicals, such as stem cells and exosomes derived from them, are emerging as potential interventions for aging and age-related conditions, especially those linked to chronic inflammation, or "inflammaging,” one of the Hallmarks of Aging. In the past, we have run a human safety study measuring the blood chemistry and DNA-methylation changes resulting from treatments of Umbilical Cord Plasma concentrate in elderly patients. In the present human clinical safety trial, concentrated amniotic fluid was administered via infusion every other day over an eight-day period to fifteen elderly participants with age-appropriate baseline health. Our results in this study (fill in summary of results) … In our current study we enrolled 14 elderly patients of whom 13 completed the study. We took blood tests immediately before they received their first treatment, two, eight, and twenty-one weeks after their final treatment. The results showed only a relatively few blood biomarkers changed statistically and there were no statistically significant differences between their computed PhenotypicAge scores for the group as a whole or among the male or the female patients. Those biomarkers which did show significant changes did not appear consistent in all patients or throughout the follow-up test results.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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UNIFE PhD Thesis James Clement 2025.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/219519
URN:NBN:IT:UNIFE-219519