The research focuses on the issue of the individual's reliance on the principle of predictability of judicial decisions and, more generally, on the phenomenon of interpretative oscillations, often expressed in the widely accepted distinction between contrasts and changes in jurisprudence. The analysis first touches on the still uncovered nerve of the current state of criminal legality: Chapter One resumes, with a panoramic vision, the state of the art of the issue, focusing in particular on the new role of the interpreter and on the other topoi, perhaps subject to a certain stereotyping, which nevertheless realistically depict the terrain on which the research must move. Within such a fragmented context, various corollaries of legality have gradually taken shape, aimed, to varying degrees, at protecting members of society from the problem of unpredictable jurisprudence-source. Nonetheless, on this point, there has often been a certain conceptual overlap that has contaminated its dogmatic clarity: Chapter Two aims to contribute, if not to dispelling uncertainty – an aim, perhaps, that is unachievable in this context –, at least to a ‘regulation of boundaries’ between determinacy, intelligibility, recognisability and predictability. In particular, the thesis supported is that ‘reasonable foreseeability’, on the one hand, fails where the corollaries placed before it are lacking; on the other hand, it must be understood as an extrema ratio, which can be exploited in the most creeping cases in which the other corollaries – although formally respected – fail to offer autonomous guarantee coverage towards the individual. The indifference shown by the case law towards the principle of foreseeability requires seeking elsewhere the corrective measures suitable for ensuring a more effective use of the principle of foreseeability within the courts. The focus of the research therefore shifts – during the Third Chapter – abroad, with particular attention to the variegated apparatus of remedies provided in common law systems. The analysis thus conducted will highlight the adaptability of each of these corrective measures to the Italian legal system, net of minor or major de jure condendo measures. The conclusion is not new, but it is partial: it is known how the doctrine, after having thoroughly examined the importable remedies, notes with bitterness and resignation the utopian traits of this scenario, often no longer trusting in a constructive dialogue with the case law. Therefore, in Chapter Four, we proceed to a methodological proposal, which adopts as a key to interpretation the reliance of the individual and, alongside, the paradigm of disapplication. This institution is analyzed starting from the contexts of election of European Union law and of the criminal judge's review of the administrative act. The hypothesis we intend to verify is whether, with the necessary precautions, the paradigm of disapplication can also be extended to interpretative activity: if we look closely, the judge, faced with the alternative between several interpretative orientations, not only applies one but, at the same time, disapplies the other which, nevertheless, remains perfectly valid and, therefore, validly invoked by the member. The disapplication of the interpretative orientation does nothing but impose on the observer the vision of the phenomenon of the application of the law from the opposite perspective, assuming as a privileged observation point not so much the chosen hermeneutic reading, but the one actually discarded. This inversion of horizon could prove profitable in consolidating, within the jurisprudence, a greater attention towards the protection of the trust of the individual, crystallized in the voice of foreseeability.
La ricerca si focalizza sul tema dell’affidamento del singolo rispetto al principio di prevedibilità delle decisioni giudiziali e, più in generale, rispetto al fenomeno delle oscillazioni interpretative, spesso declinate nella distinzione, ampiamente accolta, tra contrasti e mutamenti giurisprudenziali. L’analisi tocca anzitutto il nervo, ancora scoperto, dello stato attuale della legalità penale: il Capitolo Primo riprende, con una visione panoramica, lo stato dell’arte della questione, soffermandosi in particolare sul nuovo ruolo dell’interprete e sugli altri topoi, forse oggetto di una certa stereotipizzazione, che tuttavia realisticamente raffigurano il terreno su cui la ricerca deve muovere. All’interno di un contesto così frastagliato, hanno preso gradualmente corpo diversi corollari della legalità volti, in misura differente, a tutelare i consociati dal problema della giurisprudenza-fonte imprevedibile. Nondimeno, sul punto, si è di frequente registrata una certa sovrapposizione concettuale che ne ha contaminato la chiarezza dogmatica: il Capitolo Secondo si propone di contribuire, se non a dissipare l’incertezza – fine, forse, in quest’ambito irrealizzabile –, perlomeno a un ‘regolamento di confini’ tra determinatezza, intellegibilità, riconoscibilità e prevedibilità. In particolare, la tesi sostenuta è che la ‘ragionevole prevedibilità’, da un lato, viene meno là dove difettino i corollari ad essa anteposti; da un altro lato, va intesa alla stregua di una extrema ratio, valorizzabile nei casi più striscianti in cui gli altri corollari – seppur formalmente rispettati – non riescano a offrire autonoma copertura garantistica nei confronti del singolo. L’indifferenza mostrata dalla giurisprudenza di legittimità nei confronti del principio di prevedibilità impone di ricercare altrove i correttivi idonei ad assicurare una più efficace spendita del principio di prevedibilità all’interno delle aule di giustizia. Il fuoco della ricerca si sposta pertanto – nel corso del Capitolo Terzo – all’estero, con particolare attenzione al variegato apparato di rimedi apprestati nei sistemi di common law. L’analisi così condotta porrà in luce l’adattabilità di ognuno di tali correttivi all’ordinamento italiano, al netto di minori o maggiori accorgimenti de jure condendo. La conclusione non è nuova, ma è parziale: è noto come la dottrina, dopo avere sviscerato i rimedi importabili, rilevi con amarezza e rassegnazione i tratti utopici di tale scenario, spesso non più confidando in un dialogo costruttivo con la giurisprudenza. Si procede, pertanto, nel Capitolo Quarto a una proposta di metodo, che adotta come chiave di lettura l’affidamento del singolo e, accanto, il paradigma della disapplicazione. Tale istituto viene analizzato a partire dai contesti di elezione del diritto dell’Unione europea e del sindacato del giudice penale sull’atto amministrativo. L’ipotesi che ci si prefigge di verificare è se, con i dovuti accorgimenti, il paradigma della disapplicazione possa altresì estendersi all’attività interpretativa: a ben vedere, il giudice, posto di fronte alla alternativa tra più orientamenti interpretativi, non soltanto ne applica uno ma, al contempo, disapplica l’altro il quale, nondimeno, rimane perfettamente vigente e, pertanto, validamente invocabile dal consociato. La disapplicazione dell’orientamento interpretativo non fa cioè che imporre all’osservatore la visione del fenomeno dell’applicazione del diritto dalla prospettiva opposta, assumendo quale punto di osservazione privilegiato non tanto la lettura ermeneutica prescelta, quanto quella in concreto scartata. Tale inversione di orizzonte potrebbe rivelarsi proficua nel consolidare, in seno alla giurisprudenza, una maggiore attenzione verso la tutela dell’affidamento del singolo, cristallizzata nella voce della prevedibilità.
L’affidamento come garanzia di equilibrio tra prevedibilità delle decisioni giudiziali e disapplicazione della regola di giudizio
DELLA VALENTINA, JACOPO
2025
Abstract
The research focuses on the issue of the individual's reliance on the principle of predictability of judicial decisions and, more generally, on the phenomenon of interpretative oscillations, often expressed in the widely accepted distinction between contrasts and changes in jurisprudence. The analysis first touches on the still uncovered nerve of the current state of criminal legality: Chapter One resumes, with a panoramic vision, the state of the art of the issue, focusing in particular on the new role of the interpreter and on the other topoi, perhaps subject to a certain stereotyping, which nevertheless realistically depict the terrain on which the research must move. Within such a fragmented context, various corollaries of legality have gradually taken shape, aimed, to varying degrees, at protecting members of society from the problem of unpredictable jurisprudence-source. Nonetheless, on this point, there has often been a certain conceptual overlap that has contaminated its dogmatic clarity: Chapter Two aims to contribute, if not to dispelling uncertainty – an aim, perhaps, that is unachievable in this context –, at least to a ‘regulation of boundaries’ between determinacy, intelligibility, recognisability and predictability. In particular, the thesis supported is that ‘reasonable foreseeability’, on the one hand, fails where the corollaries placed before it are lacking; on the other hand, it must be understood as an extrema ratio, which can be exploited in the most creeping cases in which the other corollaries – although formally respected – fail to offer autonomous guarantee coverage towards the individual. The indifference shown by the case law towards the principle of foreseeability requires seeking elsewhere the corrective measures suitable for ensuring a more effective use of the principle of foreseeability within the courts. The focus of the research therefore shifts – during the Third Chapter – abroad, with particular attention to the variegated apparatus of remedies provided in common law systems. The analysis thus conducted will highlight the adaptability of each of these corrective measures to the Italian legal system, net of minor or major de jure condendo measures. The conclusion is not new, but it is partial: it is known how the doctrine, after having thoroughly examined the importable remedies, notes with bitterness and resignation the utopian traits of this scenario, often no longer trusting in a constructive dialogue with the case law. Therefore, in Chapter Four, we proceed to a methodological proposal, which adopts as a key to interpretation the reliance of the individual and, alongside, the paradigm of disapplication. This institution is analyzed starting from the contexts of election of European Union law and of the criminal judge's review of the administrative act. The hypothesis we intend to verify is whether, with the necessary precautions, the paradigm of disapplication can also be extended to interpretative activity: if we look closely, the judge, faced with the alternative between several interpretative orientations, not only applies one but, at the same time, disapplies the other which, nevertheless, remains perfectly valid and, therefore, validly invoked by the member. The disapplication of the interpretative orientation does nothing but impose on the observer the vision of the phenomenon of the application of the law from the opposite perspective, assuming as a privileged observation point not so much the chosen hermeneutic reading, but the one actually discarded. This inversion of horizon could prove profitable in consolidating, within the jurisprudence, a greater attention towards the protection of the trust of the individual, crystallized in the voice of foreseeability.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/220152
URN:NBN:IT:UNIFE-220152